Skip to main content

The Role of a Conventional Transformation Scheme for Vertical Reference Frames

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences

Part of the book series: International Association of Geodesy Symposia ((IAG SYMPOSIA,volume 138))

  • 1718 Accesses

Abstract

A conventional transformation between different realizations of a vertical reference system is an important tool for geodetic studies on precise vertical positioning and physical height determination. Its main role is the evaluation of the consistency for co-located vertical reference frames (VRFs) on the basis of some fundamental ‘datum perturbation’ parameters. Our scope herein is to discuss a number of key issues related to the formulation of such a VRF transformation model and to present a few examples from its practical implementation in the comparison of various existing vertical frames over Europe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Legrand J, Garayt B, Boucher C (2007) ITRF2005: a new release of the international terrestrial reference frame based on time series of station positions and Earth orientation parameters. J Geophys Res 112:B09401. doi:10.1029/2007JB004949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ardalan A, Grafarend E, Kakkuri J (2002) National height datum, the Gauss-Listing geoid level value w o and its time variation. J Geod 76:1–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BurÅ¡a M, Kouba J, Müller A, Rade˘j K, True SA, Vatrt V, VojtiÅ¡ková M (2001) Determination of geopotential differences between LVDs and realization of a world height system. Stud Geophys Geod 45:127–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grappo GA (1980) Determination of the Earth’s mean equatorial radius and center of mass from Doppler-derived and gravimetric geoid heights. Manuscr Geod 5:201–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiskanen W, Moritz H (1967) Physical geodesy. WH Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Ihde J (2007) Conventions for the definition and realization of a conventional VRS. Report of the IAG inter-commission project on vertical reference frames

    Google Scholar 

  • Ihde J, Augath W (2001) The European vertical reference system (EVRS), its relation to a World Height System and to ITRS. IAG symposia, vol 125. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 78–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Jekeli C (2000) Heights, the geopotential and vertical datums. Department of Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, OSU Report no. 459, Columbus, OH

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotsakis C (2008) Transforming ellipsoidal heights and geoid undulations between different geodetic reference frames. J Geod 82:249–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsakis C, Katsambalos K (2010) Quality analysis of global geopotential models at 1542 GPS/levelling benchmarks over the Hellenic mainland. Surv Rev 42(318):327–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsakis C, Sideris M (1999) On the adjustment of combined GPS/geoid/leveling networks. J Geod 73:412–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leick A, van Gelder BHW (1975) On similarity transformations and geodetic network distortions based on Doppler satellite observations. Department of Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, OSU Report no. 235, Columbus, OH

    Google Scholar 

  • Mäkinen J, Ihde J (2009) The permanent tide in height systems. IAG symposia, vol 133. Springer-Velag, Berlin, pp 81–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Marti U (2010) Private communication

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacher M, Ihde J, Liebsch G, Mäkinen J (2008) EVRF07 as realization of the European vertical reference system. Presented at the annual EUREF symposium, Brussels, 18–21 June 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaab H, Groten E (1979) Comparison of geocentric origins of global systems from uniformly distributed data. Bull Geod 53:11–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soler T, van Gelder BHW (1987) On differential scale changes and the satellite Doppler system z-shift. Geophys J R Astr Soc 91:639–656

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Urs Marti from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography (SwissTopo) is acknowledged for providing the Swiss height data from the EUVN-DA project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Kotsakis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kotsakis, C. (2013). The Role of a Conventional Transformation Scheme for Vertical Reference Frames. In: Altamimi, Z., Collilieux, X. (eds) Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, vol 138. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_31

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics