Zusammenfassung
Das Osteosarkom ist ein seltener, jedoch meist hoch maligner Tumor. Etwa 80–90 % aller Osteosarkome sind hochmaligne (sog. konventionelle) Sarkome, die übrigen Tumoren sind differenziert mit entsprechend niedrigerem Tumorpotential. Die Inzidenz des Osteosarkoms wird mit 2–3 Fälle pro Jahr pro 1 Mio. Einwohner angegeben, in Deutschland ca. 200 Neuerkrankungen pro Jahr. Betroffen sind überwiegend junge Patienten, das Prädilektionsalter liegt in der zweiten Lebensdekade. Das Osteosarkom entsteht meist in der Metaphyse der langen Röhrenknochen der Extremitäten. Osteosarkome metastasieren bevorzugt hämatogen, insofern stellt die Lunge neben dem Skelett den Hauptmanifestationsort der Tumorzellverbände dar. Trotz kombinierter Behandlung mittels Chemotherapie, Strahlentherapie und Chirurgie liegen die 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten bei nur 20–54 %. Wie bei den anderen malignen Tumoren des Kindes- und Jugendalters ist die Behandlung an Zentren und im Rahmen prospektiver, multizentrischer Therapiestudien dringend zu empfehlen. Dies gilt auch – und vor allem – für das rezidivierte Osteosarkom.
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Limmer, S. (2015). Lungenmetastasen des Osteosarkoms. In: Limmer, S. (eds) Lungenmetastasen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32982-1_10
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