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Stroke

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Cortical Connectivity

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Abstract

Stroke causes lesions that affect both grey and white matter in the brain, typically in one hemisphere. The resulting impairments are due to loss of function at the site of the lesion, as well as loss of functional connectivity between the lesion site and other parts of the central nervous system. Stroke, therefore, perturbs networks responsible for a range of functions, in both the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. This chapter reviews the effects of stroke on networks responsible for voluntary motor activity, language and spatial attention. Asymmetric interhemispheric inhibition between homologous cortical network nodes is a common theme across these functional domains. Recovery after stroke requires reorganisation within the affected networks, and is limited by the extent of damage to connections between essential network nodes. Recruitment of existing or new nodes in the network, in either hemisphere, influences recovery of function, particularly at the sub-acute stage. However, the best recovery of function occurs with normalisation of network activity. After stroke, non-invasive brain stimulation can be used to either enhance or suppress activity of specific cortical nodes, and the functional connectivity between target and remote areas. The effective use of stimulation techniques with individual patients can be guided by measures of the activity and connectivity in the network of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Cathy M. Stinear & Winston D. Byblow

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  1. Cathy M. Stinear
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  2. Winston D. Byblow
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Correspondence to Cathy M. Stinear .

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  1. , Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Research Institute, Bathurst St. 399, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Ontario, Canada

    Robert Chen

  2. Inst. Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom

    John C. Rothwell

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Stinear, C.M., Byblow, W.D. (2012). Stroke . In: Chen, R., Rothwell, J. (eds) Cortical Connectivity. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32767-4_13

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