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Dental Composites Reinforced with Ceramic Whiskers and Nanofibers

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Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties

Abstract

Dental composites have been widely used in dentistry to restore carious (decayed) teeth, but they have limited service life due to fracture and secondary caries. To reduce secondary caries, the dental composites that contain and release various anticaries agents such fluoride, calcium phosphate (CaP), antimicrobial agents, or monomers have been investigated. In general, dental composites, particularly those releasing anticaries agents, have insufficient strength and fracture toughness. Ceramic SiC and Si3N4 whiskers and ZrO-Y2O3-SiO2 nanofibers with high strength and high toughness have been used to reinforce dental composites, which have shown 30–200 % increase in flexural strength and fracture toughness. In this chapter, we will overview the properties of these ceramic whiskers and nanofibers and their applications and limitations in dental composites.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Drs. Michael D. Weir, Joseph M. Antonucci, Laurence C. Chow, Gary E. Schumacher, Lei Cheng, Nancy J. Lin, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Guangqing Guo, Jan-Feng Zhang, and Yuwei Fan for discussions and experimental assistance. We would also like to thank Esstech, Ivoclar Vivadent, and Caulk/Dentsply for donating the materials. The reported studies were supported by NIH/NIDCR R01 DE17974 (HX), R21DE18349 (XX), and R01DE019203 (XX) and a seed fund from the Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry (HX).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biomaterials, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry & Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, 1100 Florida Ave., Box 137, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA

    Xiaoming Xu

  2. Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

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  1. Xiaoming Xu
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Correspondence to Xiaoming Xu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

  2. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Dan Luo

  3. Division of Restorative, Prosthetic and Primary Care, The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Scott R. Schricker

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

    Wolfgang Sigmund

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Stefan Zauscher

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Xu, X., Xu, H.H.K. (2014). Dental Composites Reinforced with Ceramic Whiskers and Nanofibers. In: Bhushan, B., Luo, D., Schricker, S., Sigmund, W., Zauscher, S. (eds) Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31107-9_45

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