Abstract
Chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) can produce pure hydrogen with inherent separation of CO2 from fossils fuel. The process involves a metal oxide, as an oxygen carrier, such as iron oxide. The CLHG system consists of three reactors: a fuel reactor (FR), a steam reactor (SR) and an air reactor (AR). In the FR, the fuel gases react with iron oxides (hematite Fe2O3, magnetite Fe3O4, wüstite FeO), generating reduced iron oxides (FeO or even Fe), and with full conversion of gaseous fuels, pure CO2 can be obtained after cooling the flue gas from the fuel reactor; in the SR, FeO and Fe reacts with steam to generate magnetite (Fe3O4) and H2, the latter representing the final target product of the process; in the AR, the magnetite is oxidized back to hematite which is used in another cycle.
A cold flow model of three-fluidized bed for CLHG corresponding to 50 KW hot units has been built. A major novelty of this facility is the compact fuel reactor, which integrates a bubble and a fast fluidized bed to avoid the incomplete conversion of the fuel gas caused by the thermodynamics equilibrium. In order to study the pressure characteristics and the solids concentration of the system, especially in the fuel reactor, the gas velocity of three reactors, gas flow of L-type value, total solids inventory (TSI) and the secondary air of fuel reactor were varied. Results show that the pressure and the solids concentration are strongly influenced by the fluidizing-gas velocity of three reactors. Moreover, the entrainment of the upper part of fuel reactor increases as the total solids inventory increases, and the operating range of the FR can be changed by introducing secondary air or increasing the total solids inventory.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Winter CJ. Hydrogen energy – abundant, efficient, clean: a debate over the energy-system-of-change. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34(14):S1–52.
Gupta P, Velazquez-Vargas LG, Fan LS. Syngas redox (SGR) process to produce hydrogen from coal derived syngas. Energy Fuel. 2007;21(5):2900–8.
Mattisson T, Johansson M, Lyngfelt A. Multicycle reduction and oxidation of different types of iron oxide particles – application to chemical-looping combustion. Energy Fuel. 2004;18(3):628–37.
Chiesa P, Lozza G, Malandrino A, et al. Three-reactors chemical looping process for hydrogen production. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2008;33(9):2233–45.
Cleeton JPE, Bohn CD, Muller CR, et al. Clean hydrogen production and electricity from coal via chemical looping: identifying a suitable operating regime. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34(1):1–12.
Fan LS, Li FX, Ramkumar S. Utilization of chemical looping strategy in coal gasification processes. Particuology. 2008;6(3):131–42.
Gnanapragasam NV, Reddy BV, Rosen MA. Hydrogen production from coal using coal direct chemical looping and syngas chemical looping combustion systems: assessment of system operation and resource requirements. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2009;34(6):2606–15.
Xiang W, Chen S, Xue Z, et al. Investigation of coal gasification hydrogen and electricity co-production plant with three-reactors chemical looping process. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35(16):8580–91.
Li FX, Zeng LA, Velazquez-Vargas LG, et al. Syngas chemical looping gasification process: bench-scale studies and reactor simulations. AICHE J. 2010;56(8):2186–99.
Jerndal E, Mattisson T, Lyngfelt A. Thermal analysis of chemical-looping combustion. Chem Eng Res Des. 2006;84(9):795–806.
Lyngfelt A, Mattisson T. Capture of CO2 using chemical-looping combustion. 2001.
Yang JB, Cai NS, Li ZS. Hydrogen production from the steam-iron process with direct reduction of iron oxide by chemical looping combustion of coal char. Energy Fuel. 2008;22(4):2570–9.
Johansson E, Lyngfelt A, Mattisson T, et al. Gas leakage measurements in a cold model of an interconnected fluidized bed for chemical-looping combustion. Powder Technol. 2003;134(3):210–7.
Kronberger B, Lyngfelt A, Loffler G, et al. Design and fluid dynamic analysis of a bench-scale combustion system with CO2 separation-chemical-looping combustion. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2005;44(3):546–56.
Berguerand N, Lyngfelt A. Design and operation of a 10 kW(th) chemical-looping combustor for solid fuels – testing with South African coal. Fuel. 2008;87(12):2713–26.
Mattisson T, Leion H, Lyngfelt A. Chemical-looping with oxygen uncoupling using CuO/ZrO2 with petroleum coke. Fuel. 2009;88(4):683–90.
Ryu HJ, Jin GT. Conceptual design of 50 kW thermal chemical-looping combustor and analysis of variables. Energy Eng J. 2003;12(4):289–301.
Adanez J, Gayan P, Celaya J, et al. Chemical looping combustion in a 10 kW(th) prototype using a CuO/Al2O3 oxygen carrier: effect of operating conditions on methane combustion. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2006;45(17):6075–80.
de Diego LF, Ortiz M, Garcia-Labiano F, et al. Synthesis gas generation by chemical-looping reforming using a Ni-based oxygen carrier. Energy Procedia. 2009;1(1):3–10.
Johansson E, Mattisson T, Lyngfelt A, et al. A 300 W laboratory reactor system for chemical-looping combustion with particle circulation. Fuel. 2006;85(10–11):1428–38.
Kronberger B, Johansson E, Loffler G, et al. A two-compartment fluidized bed reactor for CO2 capture by chemical-looping combustion. Chem Eng Technol. 2004;27(12):1318–26.
Kim SD, Son SR. Semi-continuous operation of chemical-looping combustion with metal oxides supported on bentonite in an annular fluidized bed reactor. In: The 10th Asian conference on fluidized bed and three-phase reactors; 2006. p. 192–7.
Ryu HJ, Park YC, Jo SH, et al. Development of novel two-interconnected fluidized bed system. Korean J Chem Eng. 2008;25(5):1178–83.
Ryu HJ, Lee SY, Park YC, et al. Solid circulation rate and gas leakage measurements in an interconnected bubbling fluidized beds. World Acad Sci Eng Technol. 2007;22:169–74.
Kolbitsch P, Bolhar-Nordenkampf J, Proll T, et al. Operating experience with chemical looping combustion in a 120 kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) unit. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control. 2010;4(2):180–5.
Kolbitsch P, Proll T, Bolhar-Nordenkampf J, et al. Design of a chemical looping combustor using a dual circulating fluidized bed reactor system. Chem Eng Technol. 2009;32(3):398–403.
Proll T, Rupanovits K, Kolbitsch P, et al. Cold flow model study on a dual circulating fluidized bed system for chemical looping processes. Chem Eng Technol. 2009;32(3):418–24.
Shen LH, Wu JH, Xiao J. Experiments on chemical looping combustion of coal with a NiO based oxygen carrier. Combust Flame. 2009;156(3):721–8.
Xiang W, Chen S, Xue Z, et al. Investigation of coal gasification hydrogen and electricity co-production plant with three-reactors chemical looping process. Int J Hydrogen Energy (in press).
Glicksman LR, Hyre MR, Farrell PA. Dynamic similarity in fluidization. Int J Multiphase Flow. 1994;20:331–86.
Glicksman LR, Hyre M, Woloshun K. Simplified scaling relationships for fluidized-beds. Powder Technol. 1993;77(2):177–99.
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to express thanks to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50776018) and the Special Fund of the National Priority Basic Research of China (2007CB210101) for financial support of this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg & Tsinghua University Press
About this paper
Cite this paper
Xue, Z., Xiang, W., Chen, S., Wang, D. (2013). Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Three-Fluidized Bed Reactor Cold Flow Model for Chemical Looping Hydrogen Generation: Pressure Characteristics. In: Qi, H., Zhao, B. (eds) Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World. ISCC 2011. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_179
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_179
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30444-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30445-3
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)