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Role of Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells Through Aging – a Double-Edged Sword

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Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Abstract

The biochemical basis of aging is the progressive failure of maintenance and repair systems due to cumulative molecular damage. Oxidative damage is widely used as a biomarker of aging and diseases, and the oxidative stress theory of aging proposes that reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced as by-products during normal metabolism, cause cumulative irreversible oxidative damage. At the cellular level, oxidative stress leads to premature senescence, observed both in vitro in cultured cells and in vivo in animals and patients with cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, ROS play a crucial role in physiological cell function when present at physiological concentration. This process is known as hormesis: mild, physiological stresses activate different endogenous mechanisms of repair and maintenance to protect cells against subsequent stresses. It is likely, therefore, that it is the ability of the cells to adapt and resist to oxidative damage that determines their lifespan. The impact of oxidative stress, the evidence supporting, or not, the oxidative stress theory of aging, and the role of hormesis are presented in the context of the vascular endothelial aging.

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Abbreviations

∑PDL:

Cumulative population doubling levels

EC:

Endothelial cells

GHR:

Growth hormone receptor

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

hTERT:

Human telomerase

NAC:

N-acetylcysteine

NFκB:

Nuclear factor-κB

NO:

Nitric oxide

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA-ß-Gal:

Senescence-associated ß galactosidase

SIPS:

Stress-induced premature senescence

Trx:

Thioredoxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada

    Eric Thorin & Nathalie Thorin-Trescases

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  1. Eric Thorin
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  2. Nathalie Thorin-Trescases
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Correspondence to Eric Thorin .

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

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Thorin, E., Thorin-Trescases, N. (2014). Role of Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells Through Aging – a Double-Edged Sword. In: Laher, I. (eds) Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_66

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