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Emotionen

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Funktionelle MRT in Psychiatrie und Neurologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Bedeutung, die Emotionen zukommt, wird besonders sichtbar, wenn sie eine Stärke erreichen, die zu überschießenden und unkontrollierten Reaktionen führt oder wenn pathologische Prozesse ihren normalen Ausdruck und ihre Funktionsweise verändern oder beeinträchtigen. Während emotionsspezifische Korrelate mittels physiologischer Indikatoren bisher kaum nachgewiesen werden konnten, bieten bildgebende Verfahren nun die Möglichkeit, die für die jeweiligen Emotionen spezifischen zerebralen Verarbeitungsprozesse abzubilden und ggf. zu lokalisieren. Angesichts des Einflusses von Emotionen auf nahezu alle interessierenden psychologischen Variablen (wie Gedächtnis, Verhalten, Lernen, Wahrnehmung etc.) ist dies eine positiv zu wertende Entwicklung, andererseits steht man in der Emotionsforschung nach wie vor einem Gebiet gegenüber, dessen mangelnde Operationalisierbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit nur schwer objektivierbare Untersuchungsbedingungen bietet. Mit bildgebenden Verfahren wurden im Bereich von emotionalem Verhalten und Erleben verschiedene Prozesse experimentell realisiert und untersucht, darunter das emotionale Erleben, die emotionale Diskriminationsfähigkeit, die Fähigkeit, Emotionen zu regulieren, sowie das emotionale Gedächtnis und Lernprozesse. Diese emotionalen Komponenten menschlichen Verhaltens sollen im Folgenden anhand der bislang veröffentlichten fMRT-Untersuchungen bezüglich ihrer neurobiologischen Grundlagen näher charakterisiert werden.

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  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen

    Prof. Dr. Birgit Derntl, Prof. Dr. Dr. Frank Schneider & Prof. Dr. Ute Habel

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  1. Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen

    Frank Schneider

  2. Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich

    Gereon R. Fink

  3. Uniklinik Köln, Köln

    Gereon R. Fink

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Derntl, B., Schneider, F., Habel, U. (2013). Emotionen. In: Schneider, F., Fink, G.R. (eds) Funktionelle MRT in Psychiatrie und Neurologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29800-4_30

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