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Non-visual and Multisensory BCI Systems: Present and Future

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Towards Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

During the past decade, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have rapidly developed, both in technological and application domains. However, most of these interfaces rely on the visual modality. Only some research groups have been studying non-visual BCIs, primarily based on auditory and, sometimes, on somatosensory signals. These non-visual BCI approaches are especially useful for severely disabled patients with poor vision. From a broader perspective, multisensory BCIs may offer more versatile and user-friendly paradigms for control and feedback. This chapter describes current systems that are used within auditory and somatosensory BCI research. Four categories of noninvasive BCI paradigms are employed: (1) P300 evoked potentials, (2) steady-state evoked potentials, (3) slow cortical potentials, and (4) mental tasks. Comparing visual and non-visual BCIs, we propose and discuss different possible multisensory combinations, as well as their pros and cons. We conclude by discussing potential future research directions of multisensory BCIs and related research questions

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Support action “FutureBNCI,” Project number ICT-2010-248320.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Knowledge Discovery, BCI-Lab, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Isabella C. Wagner, Ian Daly & Aleksander Väljamäe

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  1. Isabella C. Wagner
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    Brendan Z. Allison

  2. Starlab Neuroscience Research, Teodor Roviralta 45, Barcelona, 08022, Spain

    Stephen Dunne

  3. , School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL STI-CNBI, ELB 141, Station 11, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

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  4. , School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL STI-CNBI, ELB 138. Station 11, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

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Wagner, I.C., Daly, I., Väljamäe, A. (2012). Non-visual and Multisensory BCI Systems: Present and Future. In: Allison, B., Dunne, S., Leeb, R., Del R. Millán, J., Nijholt, A. (eds) Towards Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29746-5_19

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