Definition
Historically, corporatism was first advanced in 1891 by Pontiff Leo XIII in his encyclical letter Rerum Novarum, influencing Catholic business associations. Gabriele D’Annunzio and Alceste de Ambris included much of corporative ideology in their Constitution of Fiume. Adam Müller advanced his opinions as a remedy to the risks of the equalitarianism of the French Revolution and the laissez-faire economics of Adam Smith. In Germany, there was a clear aversion amid leaders to enable unlimited capitalism, due to the feudalist and aristocratic practice of bestowing state concessions to the rich and potent. In Italy during Fascism, industry owners, workers, trades-people, specialists, and others were organized into 22 associations, or unions, known as “corporations” fitting to their trades, being given representation in a governmental organization known as the Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni.
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References and Readings
Bramble, T., & Ollett, N. (2007). Corporatism as a process of working-class containment and roll-back: The recent experiences of South Africa and South Korea. Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(4), 569–589.
Edsforth, R. (2006). The new deal: Americans’ response to the great depression (p. 145). New York: Blackwell. ISBN 1-57718-142-5.
Encyclopædia Britannica Online. (2010). Corporatism, http://search.eb.com/eb/article-219369. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
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Wiarda, H. J. (1996). Corporatism and comparative politics. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1-56324-715-6.
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Sitnikov, C.S. (2013). Corporatism. In: Idowu, S.O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., Gupta, A.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_607
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