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The New Face of Pigmentation and Aging

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Textbook of Aging Skin

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Abstract

Pigmentation is a universal physiological process that occurs in all organisms from bacteria, fish, and amphibians to birds, mammals, and humans (Bagnara JT, Matsumoto J (2006) Comparative anatomy and physiology of pigment cells in nonmammalian tissues. In: Nordlund JJ, Boissy RE, Hearing VJ, King RA, Oettig WS, Ortonne JP (eds) The pigmentary system. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 11–59). Pigmentation provides camouflage and protection from UV, but also in some lower organisms, pigmentation is involved in wound healing (Sugumaran et al., Pigment Cell Res 12:118–125, 1999; Sugumaran et al., Arch Biochem Biophys 378:393–403, 2000; Sugumaran, Pigment Cell Res 15:2–9, 2002). In humans, the major determinant of skin color is the pigment/complex polymer, melanin. The variation in human skin color is striking and has great physiological and sociological implications. The color of one’s skin is a strong predictor of social interactions. That skin color has immense psychosocial impact is evidenced by the billions of dollars spent annually in search of the perfect skin color. Tanning beds and artificial tanners are used to achieve a bronzed glow, while fairness creams and bleaches are used to lighten skin color and achieve even skin tone. The concept of ideal skin color varies across cultures and geographies and has great significance on the perception of beauty. With age, changes in the amount and distribution of melanin are evident. Increases in skin pigmentation as well as the appearance of mottled and discrete hyperpigmented lesions are a hallmark of photoexposure and advancing age. To better understand the changes that may occur in aging skin, a closer look at the pigmentation system and its components is needed. In this chapter, an overview of melanogenesis is provided, from the production of melanin to its transfer to keratinocytes, as well as the genetic and biological pathways that regulate pigment production. Studies on the clinical and biological manifestations of hyperpigmentation in Asian populations will be presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, USA

    John Nip, S. Brian Potterf, Sheila Rocha & Carol Bosko

  2. Unilever Research & Development, Bangalore, India

    Shilpa Vora

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  1. John Nip
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Correspondence to John Nip .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Miranda A. Farage

  2. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Kenneth W. Miller

  3. Department Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Nip, J., Potterf, S.B., Rocha, S., Vora, S., Bosko, C. (2015). The New Face of Pigmentation and Aging. In: Farage, M., Miller, K., Maibach, H. (eds) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_53-2

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