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Control of Skin Blood Flow

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Textbook of Aging Skin

Abstract

The circulation of the skin and of other organs is the center of aging and many diseases in the body. The heart of the circulation is the one-cell thick barrier that lines the arteries, capillaries, and veins in the body: the vascular endothelial cell. The smooth muscle surrounding arteries and veins will not, in itself, contract or relax in response to local stimuli and the autonomic nervous system. The processing of environmental, humeral stimuli and the response to sympathetic vasodilators and constrictors in the vascular endothelial cell. These cells respond to heat, osmolarity, pressure, shear forces in arteries, chemokines and cytokines like histamine and bradykinin, and neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and epinephrine and norepinephrine. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are accomplished by the release of fat-soluble substances that diffuse from the endothelial cell into the surrounding smooth muscle and either block calcium permeability or enhance it to adjust the contractile state of the smooth muscle. There are also electrical connections between the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle forming electronic synapses. There is some evidence that the main vasodilator substance, nitric oxide, is even released by parasympathetic neurons in the skin. This chapter deals with the control of skin circulation and the various mediators that alter circulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Jerrold Scott Petrofsky

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  1. Jerrold Scott Petrofsky
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Correspondence to Jerrold Scott Petrofsky .

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  1. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Miranda A. Farage

  2. Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Kenneth W. Miller

  3. Department Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Petrofsky, J.S. (2015). Control of Skin Blood Flow. In: Farage, M., Miller, K., Maibach, H. (eds) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_169-1

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