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The Ontogeny-Phylogeny Nexus in a Nutshell: Implications for Primatology and Paleoanthropology

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Handbook of Paleoanthropology

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Abstract

This chapter aims to review the relevance of ontogenic data in an evolutionary perspective. Phylogenetic investigation through developmental information is one of the most promising avenues to the elucidation of our natural history. First, the problematic integration of biological subdisciplines into the evo-devo synthesis is considered: the homeobox as Pandora’s box is discussed and the important role of a comparative morphology program is emphasized. Second, the study of development reveals essential aspects of primate supraordinal relationships and does not support an archontan reality. A special note defines the traditional superorder Archonta as (1) an artifact of the Scala naturae concept, since archontans were supreme public servants of the Greek ancient world. On the other hand, it is (2) a vehicle to explain the existence of flying mammals (Chiroptera) via a gliding intermediate stage (Dermoptera). Third, the impact of neotenic ideas on paleoanthropology is retraced, and current contributions describing the evolution of the human cranial base and bipedalism are presented. Man’s domination by neoteny seems to be a burlesque, accurately related as pithecocentrism.

Partout où quelque chose vit, il y a, ouvert quelque part, un registre où le temps s'inscrit.

Henri Bergson

Bestimmt sich nicht auch unsere Erwartung und unsere Bereitschaft, das Neue zu hören, notwendig von dem Alten her, das uns schon eingenommen hat?

Hans-Georg Gadamer

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “It can be observed that in the course of art, knowledge, and science, several efforts are made to create and cultivate a doctrine that we may call morphology…One abstracts the reality of fluctuation by supposing that a belonging together and a fixation of its character can be fulfilled. Considering all shaping, especially in organic forms, we can state that there is no stability, no resting or completing-but rather a fluctuation of all phenomena” (pp 55, my translation and emphasis).

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Acknowledgments

I am very grateful to Winfried Henke, Hartmut Rothe, and Ian Tattersall for inviting me to contribute. For intellectual support, I would like to thank Winfried Henke. Special thanks to Ian Tattersall for improving my pseudo-English manuscript, and I am very grateful to Jeffrey H. Schwartz for important comments. For inviting me to study Cynocephalus volans and for enriching discussions, thanks to Wolfgang Maier from the Institute of Systematic Zoology in Tübingen. Thanks also to Gerhard Storch, John R. Wible, Christian Kummer SJ, and Thorolf Hardt. The postgraduate financial support of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, Dankeschön to all my loved ones.

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  1. Institut für Anthropologie (1050), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fachbereich 10 – Biologie, 55099, Mainz, Germany

    Dr. Peter R. Menke

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  1. Inst. Anthropologie, Universität Mainz FB 10 (1050), Mainz, Germany

    Winfried Henke

  2. American Museum of Natural History Division of Anthropology, New York, New York, USA

    Ian Tattersall

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Menke, P.R. (2013). The Ontogeny-Phylogeny Nexus in a Nutshell: Implications for Primatology and Paleoanthropology. In: Henke, W., Tattersall, I. (eds) Handbook of Paleoanthropology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27800-6_3-4

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