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Granular Hydrodynamics

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Fluid Dynamics in Physics, Engineering and Environmental Applications

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVENG))

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Abstract

Sand flowing through the constriction of an hourglass or jumping on a vibrating plate is fluidized in the sense that it moves analogously to a fluid. Dense flows of grains driven by gravity down inclines occur in nature and in industrial processes. Natural examples include rock avalanches and landslides. Applications are found in the chemical, pharmaceutical and petroleum industry. Grain flow can be modeled as a fluid-mechanical phenomenon. However, granular fluids teach us about an astounding complexity that emerges from simple, macroscopic particles. For example, starting from an homogenous fluidized system, structures evolve and a dilute granular fluid co-exists with much denser solid-like clusters. Another example is the so-called Brazil nut effect, whereby larger and heavier particles placed into an agitated granular bed rise to the top. We present an outlook of the hydrodynamic description of granular materials. Our purpose is to outline a theory of grain flow which is based upon the description of continuous matter fields derived from the kinetic theory for dense gases, as is usually encountered in fluid dynamics.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The “sand laptop”: He has even said to have carried a small wooden tray filled with sand, which he used to draw his figures and work on his mathematical problems. This tray would have been Archimedes’ version of the modern lap top computer.

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Acknowledgments

L.T. acknowledges the organizer of the XVII Annual Meeting of the Fluid Dynamics Division (XVII-DDF) of the Mexican Physical Society, with special mention to Anne Cros. J. Klapp thank ABACUS, CONACyT grant EDOMEX-2011-C01-165873.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Física, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Apartado Postal 20632, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela

    L. Trujillo & L. Di G. Sigalotti

  2. The Abdus Salam, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Trieste, Italy

    L. Trujillo

  3. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares ININ, Km 36.5 Carretera México- Toluca, 52750, La Marquesa, Estado de México, Mexico

    J. Klapp

  4. Departamento de Matemáticas, Cinvestav del I.P.N., San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico, D.F, México

    J. Klapp

Authors
  1. L. Trujillo
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  2. L. Di G. Sigalotti
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  3. J. Klapp
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Trujillo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nucleares, Instituto Nacional des Investigaciones, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Carretera Mexico-Toluca S/N, Mexico, 52750, Mexico

    Jaime Klapp

  2. Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Unviersidat Autonóma, Avenida San Pablo 180, Mexico City, 02200, Mexico

    Abraham Medina

  3. Instituto de Astronomia y Meteorologia, Vallarta 2602, Guadalajara, 44100, Mexico

    Anne Cros

  4. Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autonóma, Avenida San Pablo 180, Mexico City, 02200, Mexico

    Carlos A. Vargas

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Trujillo, L., Sigalotti, L.D.G., Klapp, J. (2013). Granular Hydrodynamics. In: Klapp, J., Medina, A., Cros, A., Vargas, C. (eds) Fluid Dynamics in Physics, Engineering and Environmental Applications. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27723-8_11

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