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Bioactive Alkaloids from South American Psychotria and Related Rubiaceae

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Natural Products

Abstract

The largest fraction of global plant diversity is located in the Neotropics, with the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon being a rich untapped reservoir of species that may lead to new drug discovery. Bioactive molecules are often isolated from Rubiaceae species. Ethnobotanic and chemotaxonomic studies may provide clues to guide the prospection of bioactive molecules of interest. In South America, three genera are of special interest due to the bioactivities of their phytochemicals along with their importance to local human populations: Uncaria, Cinchona, and Psychotria. The numerous bioactivities of alkaloids from species in these genera include emetic, cytotoxic, analgesic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, psychotropic, antipsychotic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoal. Indole alkaloids are widely represented in these plant groups. Detailed studies in planta and in vitro on the dynamics of biosynthesis, accumulation, and distribution of some of these metabolites in Psychotria of Southern Brazil have revealed complex regulatory controls, encompassing responses to both developmental and environmental signals. In addition, even closely related alkaloids may present distinct dynamic profiles of accumulation, varying from constitutively produced to highly responsive to environmental signals.

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Abbreviations

5-HIAA:

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid

5-HT:

Serotonin

AADC:

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

CNS:

Central nervous system

DA:

Dopamine

DMT:

N,N-dimethyltryptamine

DNA:

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

DOPAC:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid

DW:

Dry weight

GPV:

N,β- d-glucopyranosyl vincosamide

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

INMT:

Indolethylamine N-methyltransferase

IpeGlu:

Ipecac β-glucosidase

IpeOMT:

Ipecac O-methyltransferase

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MAOI:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

MIA:

Monoterpene indole alkaloid

NMDA:

N-Methyl-d-aspartate

PMN:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

STR:

Strictosidine synthase

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to our collaborators in Psychotria alkaloid research Dr. A. T. Henriques (UFRGS) and Dr. G. Pasquali (UFRGS). Financial support for preparing this chapter was from grants by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) to A.G. Fett-Neto.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Hélio Nitta Matsuura & Prof. Arthur Germano Fett-Neto

  2. Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 95700-000, Brazil

    Diogo Denardi Porto

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  1. Hélio Nitta Matsuura
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  2. Diogo Denardi Porto
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  3. Prof. Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
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Correspondence to Arthur Germano Fett-Neto .

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  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Matsuura, H.N., Porto, D.D., Fett-Neto, A.G. (2013). Bioactive Alkaloids from South American Psychotria and Related Rubiaceae. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_101

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