Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET), also previously known as islet cell or neuroendocrine tumors, are infrequently encountered neoplasms that were first described in 1902 (Nicholls 1902). Use of the term neuroendocrine as a descriptor of these tumors is no longer favored because PET do not arise from embryonic neural crest cells as was once suspected (Klimstra et al. 2010). Current research suggests PET arise from pluripotent acinar/ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas rather than tissue within the islet of Langerhans as previously believed (Vortmeyer et al. 2004). These tumors are of clinical importance because of their potential for malignancy and associated paraneoplastic syndromes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balci NC, Semelka RC. Radiologic features of cystic endocrine and other pancreatic neoplasms. Eur J Radiol. 2001;38:113–9.
Bordeianou L, Vagefi PA, Sahani D, et al. Cystic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: a distinct tumor type? J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:1154–8.
Buetow PC, Parrino TV, Buck JL, et al. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: pathologic-imaging correlation among size, necrosis and cysts, calcification, malignant behavior, and functional status. Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:1175–9.
Buetow PC, Miller DL, Parrino TV, Buck JL. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic-correlation in diagnosis and localization. Radiographics. 1997;17:453–72.
Caramella C, Dromain C, Baere T, et al. Endocrine pancreatic tumours: which are the most useful MRI sequences? Eur Radiol. 2010;20:2618–27.
Dromain C, de Baere T, Baudin E, et al. MR imaging of hepatic metastases caused by neuroendocrine tumors: comparing four techniques. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180:121–8.
Falconi M, Plockinger U, Kwekkeboom DJ, et al. Well-differentiated pancreatic nonfunctioning tumors/carcinoma. Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84:196–211.
Fidler JL, Fletcher JG, Reading CC, et al. Preoperative detection of pancreatic insulinomas on multiphasic helical CT. Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181:775–80.
Gouya H, Vignaux O, Augui J, et al. CT, endoscopic sonography, and a combined protocol for preoperative evaluation of pancreatic insulinomas. Am J Roentgenol. 2003; 181:987–92.
Halfdanarson TR, Rubin J, Farnell MB, Grant CS, Petersen GM. Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: epidemiology and prognosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008;15:409–27.
Heitz PU, Komminoth P, Perren A, et al. Pancreatic endocrine tumors: introduction. In: DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU, Eng C, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumors: pathology and genetics of tumors of endocrine organs. Lyon: IARC; 2004. p. 177–82.
Horton KM, Hruban RH, Yeo C, Fishman EK. Multi-detector row CT of pancreatic islet cell tumors. Radiographics. 2006;26:453–64.
Hruban RH, Pitman MB, Klimstra DS. Tumors of the pancreas. In: Silverberg SG, Sobin LH, editors. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Registry of Pathology; 2007.
Ichikawa T, Peterson MS, Federle MP, et al. Islet cell tumor of the pancreas: biphasic CT versus MR imaging in tumor detection. Radiology. 2000;216:163–71.
Intenzo CM, Jabbour S, Lin HC, et al. Scintigraphic imaging of body neuroendocrine tumors. Radiographics. 2007; 27:1355–69.
Jensen RT, Berna MJ, Bingham DB, Norton JA. Inherited pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes: advances in molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and controversies. Cancer. 2008;113:1807–43.
Kalra MK, Maher MM, Mueller PR, Saini S. State-of-the-art imaging of pancreatic neoplasms. Br J Radiol. 2003; 76:857–65.
King AD, Ko GT, Yeung VT, Chow CC, Griffith J, Cockram CS. Dual phase spiral CT in the detection of small insulinomas of the pancreas. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:20–3.
Klimstra DS, Modlin IR, Coppola D, Lloyd RV, Suster S. The pathologic classification of neuroendocrine tumors: a review of nomenclature, grading, and staging. Pancreas. 2010; 39:707–12.
Kloppel G, Rindi G, Perren A, Komminoth P, Klimstra DS. The ENETS and AJCC/UICC classifications of the neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas: a statement. Virchows Arch. 2010;456:595–7.
Lewis RB, Lattin GE, Paal E. Pancreatic endocrine tumors: radiologic-clinicopathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2010;30:1445–64.
Malago R, D’Onofrio MD, Zamboni GA, et al. Contrast-enhanced sonography of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:424–30.
Mansour JC, Chen H. Pancreatic endocrine tumors. J Surg Res. 2004;120:139–61.
Marcos HB, Libutti SK, Alexander HR, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas in von Hippel-Lindau disease: spectrum of appearances at CT and MR imaging with histopathologic comparison. Radiology. 2002;225:751–8.
Nicholls AG. Simple adenoma of the pancreas arising from an islet of langerhans. J Med Res. 1902;8:385–95.
Nilsson O, Van Cutsem E, Delle Fave G, et al. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the foregut (gastric, duodenal, and pancreatic). Neuroendocrinology. 2006;84:212–5.
Owen NJ, Sohaib SA, Peppercorn PD, et al. MRI of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Br J Radiol. 2001;74:968–73.
Reznek RH. CT/MRI of neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer Imaging. 2006;6:S163–77.
Rindi G, Kloppel G, Alhman H, et al. TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch. 2006;449:395–401.
Shah S, Mortele KJ. Uncommon solid pancreatic neoplasms: ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI. 2007; 28:357–70.
Sheth S, Hruban RK, Fishman EK. Helical CT of islet cell tumors of the pancreas: typical and atypical manifestations. Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:725–30.
Smelka RC, Custodio CM, Balci NC, Woosley JT. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas: spectrum of appearances on MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2000;11:141–8.
Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C, editors. TNM classification of malignant tumors. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
Thoeni RF, Mueller-Lisse UG, Chan R, Do NK, Shyn PB. Detection of small, functional islet call tumors of the pancreas: selection of MR imaging sequences for optimal sensitivity. Radiology. 2000;214:483–90.
Van Hoe L, Gryspeerdt S, Marchal G, Baert AL, Mertens L. Helical CT for the preoperative localization of islet cell tumors: value of arterial and parenchymal images. Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165:1437–9.
Vortmeyer AO, Huang S, Lubensky I, Zhuang Z. Non-islet origin of pancreatic islet cell tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:1934–8.
Zerbi A, Falconi M, Rindi G, et al. Clinicopathological features of pancreatic endocrine tumors: a prospective multicenter study in Italy of 297 sporadic cases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:1421–9.
Zimmer T, Ziegler K, Fett U, et al. Localization of neuroendocrine tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Gut. 1994;35:471–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Humphrey, P. (2013). Endocrine Pancreatic Tumors. In: Hamm, B., Ros, P.R. (eds) Abdominal Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13327-5_99
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13327-5_99
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-13326-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-13327-5
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine