Abstract
Animal studies have shown that local injection of botulinum toxins improves pain behavior via blocking the release of pain transmitters and modulators. In human, carefully designed studies comparing the effect of local injection of botulinum toxins with placebo (salt water) have demonstrated efficacy of toxin injection in relieving the pain of chronic osteoarthritis, local pain of tennis elbow, chronic pain after knee surgery and knee pain related to tightness of lateral thigh muscles.
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Jabbari, B. (2018). Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Joint and Bone Problems – Emerging Literature Radiates Hope. In: Botulinum Toxin Treatment . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99945-6_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99945-6_10
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