A Parthenogenetic Algorithm for Deploying the Roadside Units in Vehicle Networks

Abstract

It is crucial to appropriately deploy Roadside Units (RSUs) to guarantee the QoS of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication. Sarubbi et al. proposed the Delta-r algorithm by using relative contact time to meet the $\triangle _{\rho _{2}}^{\rho _{1}}$-Deployment, which is a metric for evaluating the performance of VANET. However, the “false high” relative contact time might play a negative effect on decision-making. In this paper, an improved algorithm Delta-uc, which is based on Useful Contribution, is presented. It avoids the negative effect of “extra” contact time by retaining only the useful relative trip duration of a vehicle at an urban cell. In addition, based on the Delta-uc algorithm, an effective recombination operator is designed, and a parthenogenetic algorithm UCPGA is proposed to solve the deployment problem. Compared with algorithms Delta-r and Delta-GA, in many $\triangle _{\rho _{2}}^{\rho _{1}}$-Deployments, the Delta-uc and UCPGA algorithms respectively required fewer RSUs, which were proved by the experiments on the realistic mobility trace of Cologne, Germany.