Skip to main content

A Human-Centred, Multidisciplinary, and Transformative Approach to Service Science: A Service Design Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Service Science, Volume II

Abstract

The increasing complexity and human centeredness of service systems raises new challenges to decision makers, requiring the integration of multidisciplinary efforts while addressing the dynamic reconfiguration of actors for value co-creation. This chapter uses a case study investigation into the practice of an Italian service design agency to expand on the understanding of service design as a human centred, multidisciplinary, and transformative approach for service system innovation. The study illustrates how service design can move from being a disciplinary field to become an overarching approach and a cultivated horizontal skill able to favour multidisciplinary integration; also the evolution in the understanding of service from a given market offering or output, to a dynamic condition of value exchange and co-creation, qualifies service design as an “accompanying” service for clients in their transformation journey that enables the collaborative co-creation of value; as a result of this exploratory case study, service design is depicted as a continuing, collaborative and flexible innovation approach that constantly adjusts depending on the level of engagement and alignment of the key partners and the need to nurture the evolving dynamics of value co-creation for service system transformation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For more information, access: http://www.servicedesignforinnovation.eu

References

  • Anderson, L., & Ostrom, A. L. (2015). Transformative Service Research: Advancing Our Knowledge About Service and Well-Being. Journal of Service Research, 18(3), 243–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, L., Ostrom, A. L., Corus, C., Fisk, R. P., Gallan, A. S., Giraldo, M., Williams, J. D. (2013). Transformative service research: An agenda for the future. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1203–1210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, S. G. (2012). Embedding service design: the long and the short of it. In ServDes. 2012 Conference Proceedings Co-Creating Services, The 3rd Service Design and Service Innovation Conference (pp. 31–41). Espoo, Finland: Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings universitet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, P., & Robert, G. (2007). Bringing user experience to healthcare improvement: The concepts, methods and practices of experience-based design. Abingdon: Radcliffe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blocker, C. P., & Barrios, A. (2015). The Transformative Value of a Service Experience. Journal of Service Research, 18(3), 265–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blomkvist, J., Holmlid, S., & Segelström, F. (2011). Service Design Research: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. In M. Stickdorn & J. Schneider (Eds.), This Is Service Design Thinking (pp. 308–315). Amsterdam: BIS Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, S., McSeveny, K. L., Wolstenholme, D., Cobb, M., Dearden, A. (2013). How was it for you? Experiences of participatory Design in the UK health service. CoDesign, 9(4), 230–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, E. (2006). Designing Exploratory Design Games: A Framework for Participation in Participatory Design? In G. Jacucci, F. Kensing, I. Wagner & J. Blomberg. PDC 2006 - Proceedings of the ninth Participatory Design Conference (pp. 57–66). Trento, Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, E., & Grunnet, C. (2000). Evoking the future: Drama and props in user centered design. In T. Cherkasky, J. Greenbaum, P. Peter & J. Pors. PDC 2000 Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference (pp. 11-20). New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breidbach, C. F., & Maglio, P. P. (2016). Technology-enabled value co-creation: An empirical analysis of actors, resources, and practices. Industrial Marketing Management, 56, 73–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked Problems in Design Thinking. Design Issues, 8(2), 5–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchenau, M., & Fulton Suri, J. (2000). Experience prototyping. DIS ‘00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 424–433). New York, USA: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, C., Cottam, H., Vanstone, C., & Winhall, J. (2006). Transformation Design. London: Design Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesbrough, H., & Sphorer, J. (2006). A research manifesto for services science. Communications of the ACM, 49(7), 35–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CIA – Central Intelligence Agency (2018). The World Factbook. Retrieved March, 2018. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

  • Cooper, A. (1999). The inmates are running the asylum. Indianapolis, IA: SAMS/Macmillan

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 30(2), 116-127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson, B. (2011). Expanding Understanding of Service Exchange and Value Co-creation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 39, 327–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson, B., Gustafsson, A., Johnson, M. D., Sandén, B. (2000). New service development and innovation in the new economy. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edvardsson, B. & Tronvoll, B. (2013). A new conceptualization of service innovation grounded in S‐D logic and service systems, International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 5(1), 19-31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erlhoff, M., Mager, B., & Manzini, E. (1997). Dienstleistung braucht Design, Professioneller Produkt-und Markenauftrittt fur Serviceanbieter. Herausgeber: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garud, R., Hardy, C., & Maguire, S. (2007). Institutional Entrepreneurship as Embedded Agency: An Introduction to the Special Issue, Organization Studies, 28(7), 957 - 969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenbaum, J., & Kyng, M. (1991). Design at work: Cooperative Design of Computer Systems. Hillsdale, New Jersey: LEA Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grinevich, V. (2015). Design and service innovation: A strategic management perspective. In D. Sangiorgi, A. Prendiville, J. Jung, & E. Yu, Design for Service Innovation and Development (pp. 47–48). Lancaster: Lancaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A.V., Collier, D.A., Froehle, C.M., Goodale, J.C., Metters, R.D. & Verma, R. (2002), Research opportunities in service process design, Journal of Operations Management, 20, 189-202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmlid, S. (2007). Interaction design and service design: Expanding a comparison of design disciplines. In Norders Conference Proceedings Design Inquiries. Stockholm, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • IBM Research. (2005). Services Science: A new academic discipline?

    Google Scholar 

  • IfM & IBM. (2007). Succeeding through service innovation: a discussion paper. University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing, Cambridge, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, I, Spence, I. & Bittner, K. (2011), USE-CASE 2.0. The Guide to Succeeding with Use Cases, Ivar Jacobson International sa. Available at: https://www.ivarjacobson.com/sites/default/files/field_iji_file/article/use-case_2_0_jan11.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Junginger, S. (2015). Organizational Design Legacies and Service Design. The Design Journal: An International Journal for All Aspects of Design, 18(2), 209–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Junginger, S., & Sangiorgi, D. (2009). Service design and organizational change: Bridging the gap between rigour and relevance. In Proceedings of the IASDR Conference on Design Research (pp. 4339–4348). Seoul, South Korea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimbell, L. (2011). Rethinking Design Thinking: Part I, Design and Culture, 3(3), 285-306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimbell, L. (2015). Applying Design Approaches to Policy Making: Discovering Policy Lab. Brighton: University of Brighton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieliszewski, C. A., Maglio, P. P., & Cefkin, M. (2012). On Modeling Value Constellations to Understand Complex Service System Interactions. European Management Journal, 30(5), 438–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koskela-Huotari, K., Edvardsson, B., Jonas, J. M., Sörhammar, D., & Witell, L. (2016). Innovation in service ecosystems – Breaking, making, and maintaining institutionalized rules of resource integration, Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 2964-2971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtmollaiev, S., Fjuk, A., Pedersen, P. E., Clatworthy, S., & Kvale, K. (2018). Organizational Transformation Through Service Design: The Institutional Logics Perspective. Journal of Service Research, 21(1), 59–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, T. B. & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutions and institutional work. In S. R. Clegg, C. Hardy, T. B. Lawrence & W. R. Nord (Eds.), Sage Handbook of Organization Studies (pp.  215-254). London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2nd Edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, T., Suddaby, R. & Leca, B. (2011). Institutional Work: Refocusing Institutional Studies of Organization, Journal of Management Inquiry, 20(1), 52–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, M. C., B. L.Hughes, M. K.Katica, C.Dining-Zuber, & Plsek, P. E. (2011). Service Design and Change of Systems: Human-Centered Approaches to Implementing and Spreading Service Design, International Journal of Design, 5(2), 73–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Lusch, R. F. & Nambisan, S. (2015). Service Innovation: A Service-Dominant Logic Perspective, MIS Quarterly, 39(1), 155-171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L., & Gustafsson, A. (2016). Fostering a trans-disciplinary perspectives of service ecosystems. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 2957–2963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P., Kwan, S. K., & Spohrer, J. (2015). Toward a Research Agenda for Human-Centered Service System Innovation. Service Science, 7(1), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P., Vargo, S. L., Caswell, N., & Spohrer, J. (2009). The service system is the basic abstraction of service science. Information Systems and E-Business Management, 7(4), 395–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P., & Spohrer, J. (2008). Fundamentals of service science. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 18–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spohrer, James C. and Paul P. Maglio (2010). Toward a Science of Service Systems: Value and Symbols. In In P. P. Maglio, C. A. Kieliszewski, & J. C. Spohrer (Eds), Handbook of Service Science (pp. 157–97). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P. (2013). Service Science 2.0. Service Science, 5(2), 85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P. (2014). Smart Service Systems. Service Science, 6(1), I–II.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medina-Borja, A. (2015). Smart Things as Service Providers: A Call for Convergence of Disciplines to Build a Research Agenda for the Service Systems of the Future. Service Science, 7(1), II–V.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzini, E. (1993). Il design dei servizi. La progettazione del prodotto-servizio. Design Management, 4, 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattelmäki, T. (2006). Design probes, Helsinki: Aalto University

    Google Scholar 

  • Meroni, A., & Sangiorgi, D. (2011). Design for Services. Aldershot: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, A. L., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Burkhard, K. A., Goul, M., Smith-Daniels, V., Demirkan, H. & Rabinovich, E. (2010). Moving Forward and Making a Difference: Research Priorities for the Science of Service, Journal of Service Research, 13(1), 4–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom, A. L., Parasuraman, A., Bowen, D. E., Patrício, L., Voss, C. A., Lemon, K. (2015). Service Research Priorities in a Rapidly Changing Context. Journal of Service Research, 18(2), 127–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacenti, E. (1998). Il progetto dell’interazione nei servizi. Un contributo al tema della progettazione dei servizi. PhD thesis in Industrial Design. Milano: Politecnico di Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patrício, L., Gustafsson, A. & Fisk, R.P. (2018). Upframing Service Design and Innovation for Research Impact. Journal of Service Research, 21(1), 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patricio, L., & Fisk, R. (2013). Creating new services. In R. P. Fisk, R. Russell-Bennett, & L. Harris (Eds.), Serving Customers Globally (pp. 185-207). Brisbane: Tilde University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patrício, L., N. Pinho, J. Teixeira and R. P. Fisk (2018). Service design for value networks: enabling value cocreation interactions in healthcare. Service Science 10(1), 76–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robert, G., & Macdonald, A. S. (2017). Co-design, organizational creativity and quality improvement in the healthcare sector: ‘Designerly’ or ‘design-like’? In D. Sangiorgi, & A. Prendiville, Designing for Service. Key Issues and New Directions (pp. 117–130). Bloomsbury publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spohrer, J., Maglio, P. P., Bailey, J. & Gruhl, D. (2007). Steps Toward a Science of Service Systems, Computer, 40(1), 71-77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spohrer, J., Piciocchi, P., & Bassano, C. (2012). Three Frameworks for Service Research: Exploring Multilevel Governance in Nested, Networked Systems. Service Science, 4(2), 147–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangiorgi, D. (2009). Building up a framework for Service Design research. In 8th European Academy of Design Conference (pp. 415–420). Aberdeen, Scotland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangiorgi, D. (2015). Designing for public sector innovation in the UK: design strategies for paradigm shifts. Foresight, 17(4), 332–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangiorgi, D., & Prendiville, A. (2017). Designing for Service. Key Issues and New Directions. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sangiorgi, D., Prendiville, A., Jung, J., Yu, E. (2015). Design for Service Innovation and Development. Lancaster: Lancaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangiorgi, D., Lee, J., Sayar, D., Allen, D., & Frank, N. (2016). Moving towards Service Dominant Logic in Manufacturing Sector: Development of a Tool for Inquiry. InServDes.2016 Conference Proceedings Service Design Geographies, The 6th Service Design and Service Innovation Conference (pp. 105–118), Copenhagen, Denmark: Linköping University Electronic Press, Linköpings universitet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, D., & Namioka, A. (1993). Participatory Design: Principles and Practices. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shostack, G. L. (1984). Designing Services that Deliver. Harvard Business Review, 62(1), 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secomandi, F., & Snelders, D. (2011). The Object of Service Design, Design Issues, 27(3), 20-34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sphorer, J., & Kwan, S. K. (2009). Service science, management, engineering, and design (SSMED): an emerging discipline -- outline and references. International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector, 1(3), 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stigliani, I., & Fayard, A. (2010). Designing new customer experiences: a study of socio-material practices in service design. Imperial College Business School.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tether, B. (2009). Design in Innovation: Coming out from the Shadow of R&D, An analysis of the UK Innovation Surveys of 2005. London: Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, HM Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira, J. G., L. Patrício, K.-H. Huang, R. P. Fisk, L. Nóbrega and L. Constantine (2017). The MINDS method: integrating management and interaction design perspectives for service design. Journal of Service Research 20(3), 240-258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, P., & Ocasio, W. (1999). Institutional Logics and the Historical Contingency of Power in Organizations: Executive Succession in the Higher Education Publishing Industry, 1958– 1990, American Journal of Sociology, 105(3), 801-843.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, P. & Ocasio, W. (2008). Institutional logics. In R. GreenwoodC. Oliver & R. Suddaby (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 99-128). London: SAGE Publications Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinlan, E. (2008) Conspicuous Invisibility. Qualitative Inquiry, 14(8), 1480-1499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S. L. & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-Dominant Logic: Continuing the Evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S. L., Maglio, P. P. & Akaka, M. A. (2008). On value and value co-creation: A service systems and service logic perspective, European Management Journal, 26(3), 145–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S.L. & Lusch, R.F. (2011). It’s All B2B... and beyond: Toward a Systems Perspective of the Market, Industrial Marketing Management, 40(1), 181–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S. L. & Lusch, R. F. (2016). Institutions and axioms: an extension and update of service-dominant logic. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 5–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wünderlich, Nancy V., Kristina Heinonen, Amy L. Ostrom, Lia Patrícío, Rui Sousa, Chris Voss and Jos G.A.M. Lemmink (2015), ““Futurizing” Smart Service: Implications for Service Researchers and Managers” Journal of Services Marketing, 29 (6/7), 442–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, USA: Sage Publications Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, E. & Sangiorgi, D. (2018). Service Design as an Approach to Implement the Value Cocreation Perspective in New Service Development. Journal of Service Research, 21(1), 40–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 642116.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Sangiorgi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sangiorgi, D., Lima, F., Patrício, L., Joly, M.P., Favini, C. (2019). A Human-Centred, Multidisciplinary, and Transformative Approach to Service Science: A Service Design Perspective. In: Maglio, P.P., Kieliszewski, C.A., Spohrer, J.C., Lyons, K., Patrício, L., Sawatani, Y. (eds) Handbook of Service Science, Volume II. Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98512-1_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics