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‘It’s only history’: Belfast in Rosemary Jenkinson’s Short Fiction

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Irish Urban Fictions

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Abstract

This chapter analyses the ways in which the 1998 Good Friday/Belfast Agreement impacts upon conceptions of Belfast, history, and identity in Rosemary Jenkinson short story collections Contemporary Problems Nos. 53 & 54 (2004) and Aphrodite’s Kiss and Other Stories (2015). Jenkinson is an acclaimed playwright, but she has been writing stories for much longer and her short fiction remains underexplored. She problematises notions of contemporary Belfast as a ‘post-conflict’ space by exposing entrenched socio-political tensions and considering how these inflect exchanges between locals and tourists, as well as with the city itself. Her portrayal of the contemporary city also functions as a commentary on the commercialisation of Belfast and its history. The economic subtext of the Agreement signals a break with the city’s ‘troubled’ past in order to align with a global capitalist future. Therefore, the ‘new’ Belfast is circumscribed by its own corporatised, ‘post-conflict’ image in a process which is paradoxically violent, for the progressivist discourse of the Agreement dismisses fraught identitarian narratives as anachronistic. In Jenkinson’s tales this disjuncture manifests as a crisis of narrative, and her characters remain adrift. She emphasises the complexities of Northern Irish identity in her Belfast stories, thereby reasserting the local in a culture that has become globally entangled.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Rosemary Jenkinson , ‘Banter and booze – you can’t write about Belfast without them,’ The Irish Times (24 June 2016), n.p.

  2. 2.

    Aaron Kelly, ‘Walled Communities,’ in Eoghan McTigue, All Over Again (Belfast : Belfast Exposed Photography, 2004), n.p.; Rosemary Jenkinson , Contemporary Problems Nos. 53 & 54 (Belfast: Lagan Press, 2004), p. 68.

  3. 3.

    Ibid., p. 369.

  4. 4.

    See Eamonn Hughes, ‘Introduction: Northern Ireland – Border Country,’ in Eamonn Hughes, ed., Culture and Politics in Northern Ireland, 1960–1990 (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991), pp. 1–12.

  5. 5.

    Colin Graham, ‘“Let’s Get Killed”: Culture and Peace in Northern Ireland,’ in Wanda Balzano et al., eds, Irish Postmodernisms and Popular Culture (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 171–183; p. 174.

  6. 6.

    Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

  7. 7.

    Graham, 2007, p. 176.

  8. 8.

    Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

  9. 9.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 85.

  10. 10.

    Sandy Row is a predominantly Protestant, working-class neighbourhood in Belfast . It is a staunchly loyalist area with connections to the Orange Order and the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Sandy Row and Donegall Pass are very old sectarian ‘communities’ which pre-date the partitioning of Ireland. When the UVF in its first form was established in the early twentieth century, it had a good recruiting ground in those areas. The Ulster Defence Association or UDA (formed during the Troubles ) took some ground from the UVF in parts of the city, but the former is much more prominent in newer housing estates and on the Shankill.

  11. 11.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 83.

  12. 12.

    Colin Graham, ‘Gagarin’s Point of View: Memory and Space in Recent Northern Irish Art,’ The Irish Review, 40/41 (Winter 2009), pp. 104–113; p. 107.

  13. 13.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 84.

  14. 14.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 88.

  15. 15.

    Dawn Miranda Sherratt-Bado and Rosemary Jenkinson , ‘Rosemary Jenkinson Interview: “Belfast dialect is like Synge on acid,’” The Irish Times, 3 October 2016, n.p.

  16. 16.

    PSNI stands for the Police Service of Northern Ireland. Operation Banner, the British Army’s operation in Northern Ireland, was the longest continuous deployment in the history of the British military. The operation was initiated in 1969 and it continued until July 2007.

  17. 17.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 85.

  18. 18.

    Ibid.

  19. 19.

    Ibid., p. 86.

  20. 20.

    Ibid., p. 87.

  21. 21.

    Ibid., pp. 88–89.

  22. 22.

    Ibid., p. 89.

  23. 23.

    Ibid., pp. 91–92.

  24. 24.

    Ibid., p. 93.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., p. 93.

  26. 26.

    Ibid., p. 88.

  27. 27.

    Colin Graham, ‘“Every Passer-by a Culprit?”: Archive Fever, Photography and the Peace in Belfast ,’ Third Text, 19.5 (2006), pp. 567–580; p. 572.

  28. 28.

    Personal correspondence, 28 September 2016.

  29. 29.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 69. Taig is an offensive term (chiefly in Northern Ireland) used in reference to a Catholic or Irish nationalist .

  30. 30.

    Ibid., p. 67.

  31. 31.

    Ibid.

  32. 32.

    Ibid., p. 68.

  33. 33.

    Liam Kelly, Thinking Long: Contemporary Art in the North of Ireland (Oysterhaven: Gandon Editions, 1996), p. 59.

  34. 34.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 69.

  35. 35.

    A. Kelly, 2004, n.p.

  36. 36.

    L. Kelly, 1996, p. 8.

  37. 37.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 69.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., p. 71.

  39. 39.

    Liam O’Dowd, ‘Belfast Transitions,’ in Pauline Hadaway, ed., Where are the People? Contemporary Photographs of Belfast 2002–2010 (Belfast: Belfast Exposed Photography, 2010), pp. 22–37; p. 31.

  40. 40.

    Jenkinson, 2004, 69.

  41. 41.

    Daniel Jewesbury, ‘Nothing Left’, in Pauline Hadaway, ed., Where are the People? Contemporary Photographs of Belfast 2002–2010 (Belfast: Belfast Exposed Photography, 2010), pp. 38–45; p. 39.

  42. 42.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 71.

  43. 43.

    Graham, ‘“Every Passer-by a Culprit,”’ p. 572.

  44. 44.

    http://www.diageo.com/en-us/ourbusiness/aboutus/Pages/default.aspx.

  45. 45.

    Ibid.

  46. 46.

    Colin Graham, ‘… maybe that’s just Blarney’: Irish Culture and the Persistence of Authenticity,’ in Colin Graham and Richard Kirkland, eds, Ireland and Cultural Theory: The Mechanics of Authenticity (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1999), pp. 7–28; p. 25. This essay features a relevant discussion of a television advertisement for Smithwick’s ale, which is also produced by Diageo.

  47. 47.

    Dawn Miranda Sherratt-Bado, ‘Storied Women,’ Dublin Review of Books, 86 (February 2017), n.p.

  48. 48.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 69, 71.

  49. 49.

    Aaron Kelly, ‘Geopolitical Eclipse,’ Third Text, 19.5 (2005), pp. 545–553; p. 548.

  50. 50.

    Ibid., p. 547.

  51. 51.

    Ibid., p. 549.

  52. 52.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 70.

  53. 53.

    Richard Kirkland, Literature and Culture in Northern Ireland Since 1965: Moments of Danger (London : Longman, 1996), p. 7.

  54. 54.

    Ibid., p. 9.

  55. 55.

    Jenkinson, 2015, p. 12.

  56. 56.

    Ibid.

  57. 57.

    Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

  58. 58.

    Jenkinson, 2015, p. 10.

  59. 59.

    Jenkinson, ibid., pp. 10–11.

  60. 60.

    Pauline Hadaway, ed., Where are the People? Contemporary Photographs of Belfast 20022010 (Belfast: Belfast Exposed Photography, 2010), p. 7.

  61. 61.

    Jenkinson, 2015, p. 11; Graham, 2009, p. 105.

  62. 62.

    Graham, ibid.

  63. 63.

    John Berger, ‘Uses of Photography,’ in Geoff Dyer, ed., Understanding a Photograph (London : Penguin, 2013), pp. 49–60; p. 55.

  64. 64.

    Sherratt-Bado and Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

  65. 65.

    Nicholas Allen and Aaron Kelly, eds., Introduction, The Cities of Belfast (Dublin : Four Courts Press, 2003), pp. 7–18; p. 16.

  66. 66.

    Graham, 2007, p. 177.

  67. 67.

    Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

  68. 68.

    Jenkinson, 2015, p. 127.

  69. 69.

    Ibid., p. 123.

  70. 70.

    Ibid.

  71. 71.

    Ibid., p. 127.

  72. 72.

    Ibid., p. 130.

  73. 73.

    Ibid., pp. 124–125.

  74. 74.

    Ibid., p. 126. Claims that Gerry Adams, former President of Sinn Féin, was an IRA commander-in-chief have not been proven.

  75. 75.

    Ibid.

  76. 76.

    Ibid., p. 135.

  77. 77.

    Ibid., p. 130.

  78. 78.

    Ibid., pp. 131–132.

  79. 79.

    Ibid., p. 128.

  80. 80.

    Ibid., p. 122.

  81. 81.

    Ibid., p. 131.

  82. 82.

    Ibid., p. 132.

  83. 83.

    Ibid.

  84. 84.

    Ibid.

  85. 85.

    Ibid., pp. 132–133.

  86. 86.

    Ibid., p. 127.

  87. 87.

    Ibid., p. 128.

  88. 88.

    www.visitbelfast.com.

  89. 89.

    Ibid.

  90. 90.

    A. Kelly, 2005, p. 550.

  91. 91.

    Ibid.

  92. 92.

    Joint Declaration on Peace: The Downing Street Declaration (15 December 1993, para. 1).

  93. 93.

    The Agreement 1998, ‘Declaration of Support’, para. 2.

  94. 94.

    Ibid., p. 172.

  95. 95.

    Jenkinson, 2004, p. 70.

  96. 96.

    Hadaway, 2010, p. 8.

  97. 97.

    Gamble, ‘“The gentle art of re-perceiving,”’ p. 365.

  98. 98.

    Birte Heidemann, Post -Agreement Northern Irish Literature: Lost in a Liminal Space? (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), p. 46.

  99. 99.

    Sherratt-Bado and Jenkinson, 2016, n.p.

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Sherratt-Bado, D.M. (2018). ‘It’s only history’: Belfast in Rosemary Jenkinson’s Short Fiction. In: Beville, M., Flynn, D. (eds) Irish Urban Fictions. Literary Urban Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98322-6_11

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