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Stem Cell Roles and Applications in Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment

Part of the book series: Stem Cells in Clinical Applications ((SCCA))

Abstract

Neurodegeneration is an umbrella term for the progressive loss of function or structure of neurons. A wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, occur because of neurodegenerative processes. There are currently no cures for both the neurological disorders/diseases Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s that are marked by a selective loss of neurons. Current drug treatments for these types of diseases do not address the underlying pathology and can only relieve patient’s symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches that can delay the onset or slow the progression of these diseases. Stem cells are potential and promising therapeutic options since they can be expanded easily and survive transplantation effectively. Stem cells can facilitate neovascularization and neurogenesis processes by producing multiple growth factors, cytokines, and other factors that have anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, or anti-oxidative effects. Furthermore, the cell replacement therapeutic approaches are promising for common neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

NSC:

Neural stem cell

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

UCB-MSCs:

Umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA

    John Ku

  2. The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), and Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, China

    Ahmed El-Hashash

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  1. John Ku
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  2. Ahmed El-Hashash
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  1. Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application & Stem Cell Institute & Cancer Research Laboratory, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phuc Van Pham

  2. University of Edinburgh - Zhejiang, International Campus (UoE-ZJU), Haining, Zhejiang, China

    Ahmed El-Hashash

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Ku, J., El-Hashash, A. (2018). Stem Cell Roles and Applications in Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases. In: Pham, P., El-Hashash, A. (eds) Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment. Stem Cells in Clinical Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98065-2_9

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