Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathology of Breast Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Breast Cancer

  • 2451 Accesses

Abstract

Histopathologically, breast carcinoma can be simply divided into two major categories based on the involvement of the ductal-lobular system of the breast. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells confined to the ductal-lobular system of the breast without evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. Most cases of DCIS are positive for estrogen receptor (ER). ER expression correlates with the grade of DCIS. The entire spectrum of atypical epithelial lesions originating in the terminal ductal-lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast, characterized by the proliferation of generally small, dyscohesive cells, is called lobular neoplasia (LN). When more than half of the acini of a lobular unit are distended and distorted, the lesion is called lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Invasive carcinomas can broadly be divided into two categories: invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) and special subtypes. NST is the most common type of invasive breast cancer and represents up to 75% of all cases in published series. Terms such as infiltrating ductal carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), are also used. A tumor should be called invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) NST if it cannot be categorized as one of the special or rare types.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ellis IO. Intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast: morphology, associated risk and molecular biology. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(Suppl 2):S1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lakhani S, Ellis IO, Tan PH, van de Vijver MJ, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumors, WHO classification of tumors of the breast. 2nd ed. Lyon: IARC; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lester SC, Bose S, Chen YY, Connolly JL, de Baca ME, Fitzgibbons PL, Members of the Cancer Committee, College of American Pathologists, et al. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009;133(1):15–25.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Consensus conference on the classification of ductal carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:1221–5.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Schwartz GF, Solin LJ, Olivotto IA, Ernster VL, Pressman P. Breast. 2000;9:177–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Holland R, Peterse JL, Millis RR, Eusebi V, Faverly D, van de Vijver MJ, Zafrani B. Ductal carcinoma in situ: a proposal for a new classification. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1994;11(3):167–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW, Rados MS. Atypical hyperplastic lesions of the female breast. A long-term follow-up study. Cancer. 1985;55:2698–708.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ. A comparison of the results of long-term follow-up for atypical intraductal hyperplasia and intraductal hyperplasia of the breast. Cancer. 1990;165(3):518–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Schnitt SJ. Clinging carcinoma: an American perspective. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2010;27(1):31–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Aroner SA, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ, Connolly JL, Colditz GA, Tamimi RM. Columnar cell lesions and subsequent breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(4):R61.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Eusebi V, Magalhaes F, Azzopardi JG. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast: an aggressive tumor showing apocrine differentiation. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:655–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. O’Malley FP. Lobular neoplasia: morphology, biological potential and management in core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2010;23:S14–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Page DL, Schuyler PA, Dupont WD, Jensen RA, Plummer WD Jr, Simpson JF. Atypical lobular hyperplasia as a unilateral predictor of breast cancer risk: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2003;361:125–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lopez-Garcia MA, Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Marchió C, Reis-Filho JS. Breast cancer precursors revisited: molecular features and progression pathways. Histopathology. 2010;57(2):171–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bagaria SP, Shamonki J, Kinnaird M, Ray PS, Giuliano AE. The florid subtype of lobular carcinoma in situ: marker or precursor for invasive lobular carcinoma? Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(7):1845–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shin SJ, Lal A, De Vries S, Suzuki J, Roy R, Hwang ES, et al. Florid lobular carcinoma in situ: molecular profiling and comparison to classic lobular carcinoma in situ and pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(10):1998–2009.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti H (eds). American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual 7th ed. New York, Springer, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Prasad ML, Osborne MP, Giri DD, Hoda SA. Microinvasive carcinoma (T1mic) of the breast: clinicopathologic profile of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(3):422–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rosai J. Breast. In: Rosai and Ackerman’s surgical pathology. 9th ed. New York: Mosby; 2004. p. 1763–876.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Silver SA, Tavassoli FA. Pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological analysis of 26 cases of an unusual high-grade phenotype of ductal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2000;36(6):505–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nguyen CV, Falcón-Escobedo R, Hunt KK, Nayeemuddin KM, Lester TR, Harrell RK, et al. Pleomorphic ductal carcinoma of the breast: predictors of decreased overall survival. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(4):486–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tavassoli FA, Norris HJ. Breast carcinoma with osteoclastlike giant cells. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1986;110(7):636–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Rosen PP. Rosen’s breast pathology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wolters Kluwer Business; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Tavassoli FA, Eusebi V, editors. Tumors of the mammary gland. AFIP atlas of tumor pathology. Fourth series; fasc 10. Washington DC: American Registry of Pathology in Collaboration with the Armed Institute of Pathology; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Athanasou NA, Wells CA, Quinn J, Ferguson DP, Heryet A, McGee JO. The origin and nature of stromal osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in breast carcinoma: implications for tumour osteolysis and macrophage biology. Br J Cancer. 1989;59(4):491–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Shishido-Hara Y, Kurata A, Fujiwara M, Itoh H, Imoto S, Kamma H. Two cases of breast carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells: are the osteoclastic giant cells pro-tumoural differentiation of macrophages? Diagn Pathol. 2010;5:55–61.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Dixon JM, Anderson TJ, Page DL, Lee D, Duffy SW. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology. 1982;6(2):149–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tavassoli FA. Pathology of the breast. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton & Lange; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Fechner RE. Histologic variants of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Hum Pathol. 1975;6(3):373–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weidner N, Semple JP. Pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Hum Pathol. 1992;23(10):1167–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Middleton LP, Palacios DM, Bryant BR, Krebs P, Otis CN, Merino MJ. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(12):1650–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Walford N, ten Velden J. Histiocytoid breast carcinoma: an apocrine variant of lobular carcinoma. Histopathology. 1989;14(5):515–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Eusebi V, Foschini MP, Bussolati G, Rosen PP. Myoblastomatoid (histiocytoid) carcinoma of the breast. A type of apocrine carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19(5):553–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rakha EA, Patel A, Powe DG, Benhasouna A, Green AR, Lambros MB, et al. Clinical and biological significance of E-cadherin protein expression in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(10):1472–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Qureshi HS, Linden MD, Divine G, Raju UB. E-cadherin status in breast cancer correlates with histologic type but does not correlate with established prognostic parameters. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;125(3):377–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Da Silva L, Parry S, Reid L, Keith P, Waddell N, Kossai M, et al. Aberrant expression of E-cadherin in lobular carcinomas of the breast. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(5):773–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sarrió D, Pérez-Mies B, Hardisson D, Moreno-Bueno G, Suárez A, Cano A, et al. Cytoplasmic localization of p120ctn and E-cadherin loss characterize lobular breast carcinoma from preinvasive to metastatic lesions. Oncogene. 2004;23(19):3272–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Powe DG, Green AR, Habashy H, Grainge MJ, et al. Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: response to hormonal therapy and outcomes. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44(1):73–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Pestalozzi BC, Zahrieh D, Mallon E, Gusterson BA, Price KN, Gelber RD, et al. International breast cancer study group. Distinct clinical and prognostic features of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: combined results of 15 international breast cancer study group clinical trials. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44(1):73–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Rakha EA, van Deurzen CH, Paish EC, Macmillan RD, Ellis IO, Lee AH. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast: is it a prognostically significant pathological subtype independent of histological grade? Mod Pathol. 2013;26(4):496–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Rakha EA, Lee AHS, Evans AJ, Menon S, Assad NY, Hodi Z, et al. Tubular carcinoma of the breast: further evidence to support its excellent prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(1):99–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Diab SG, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Libby A, Allred DC, Elledge RM. Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of tubular and mucinous breast carcinomas. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(5):1442–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Page DL, Dixon JM, Anderson TJ, et al. Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology. 1983;7(4):525–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Ellis IO, Galea M, Broughton N, Locker A, Blamer RW, Elston CW. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. II. Histological type. Relationship with survival in a large study with long term of follow up. Histopathology. 1992;20:479–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Venable JG, Schwartz AM, Silverberg SG. Infiltrating cribriform carcinoma of the breast: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity. Hum Pathol. 1990;21(3):333–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Vu-Nishino H, Tavassoli FA, Ahrens WA, Haffty BG. Clinicopathologic features and long-term outcome of patients with medullary breast carcinoma managed with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;62(4):1040–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Marginean F, Rakha EA, Ho BC, Ellis IO, Lee AH. Histological features of medullary carcinoma and prognosis in triple-negative basal-like carcinomas of the breast. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(10):1357–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tan PH, Tse GM, Bay BH. Mucinous breast lesions: diagnostic challenges. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(1):11–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Capella C, Eusebi V, Mann B, Azzopardi JG. Endocrine differentiation in mucoid carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology. 1980;4(6):613–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Di Saverio S, Gutierrez J, Avisar E. A retrospective review with long term follow up of 11,400 cases of pure mucinous breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;111(3):541–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Tavassoli FA, Purcell CA, Bratthauer GL, Man YG. Androgen receptor positivity along with loss of bcl-2, ER, and PR expression in benign and malignant apocrine lesions of the breast. Implications for therapy. Breast J. 1996;2:1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Niemeier LA, Dabbs DJ, Beriwal S, Striebel JM, Bhargava R. Androgen receptor in breast cancer: expression in estrogen receptor-positive tumors and in estrogen receptor-negative tumors with apocrine differentiation. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(2):205–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dellapasqua S, Maisonneuve P, Viale G, Pruneri G, Mazzarol G, Ghisini R, et al. Immunohistochemically defined subtypes and outcome of apocrine breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2013;13(2):95–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Siriaunkgul S, Tavassoli FA. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. Mod Pathol. 1993;6(6):660–2.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Ueng SH, Mezzetti T, Tavassoli FA. Papillary neoplasms of the breast: a review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009;133:893–907.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Zekioglu O, Erhan Y, Ciris M, Bayramoglu H, Ozdemir N. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: high incidence of lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension and its immunohistochemical profile compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2004;44(1):18–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Vingiani A, Maisonneuve P, Dell'orto P, Farante G, Rotmensz N, Lissidini G, et al. The clinical relevance of micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: a case-control study. Histopathology. 2013;63(2):217–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Meng F, Liu B, Xie G, Song Y, Zheng X, Qian X, et al. Amplification and overexpression of PSCA at 8q24 in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;166(2):383–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Onder S, Fayda M, Karanlık H, Bayram A, Şen F, Cabioglu N, et al. Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in invasive micropapillary carcinomas of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study with long-term survival analysis. Breast J. 2017;23(6):638–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Luini A, Aguilar M, Gatti G, Fasani R, Botteri E, Brito JA, et al. Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, an unusual disease with worse prognosis: the experience of the European institute of oncology and review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;101(3):349–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Tavassoli FA. Classification of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Pathol Annu. 1992;27(Pt 2):89–119.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Foschini MP, Eusebi V. Carcinomas of the breast showing myoepithelial cell differentiation. A review of the literature. Virchows Arch. 1998;432(4):303–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Van Hoeven KH, Drudis T, Cranor ML, Erlandson RA, Rosen PP. Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast. A clinocopathologic study of 32 cases with ultrastructural analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17(3):248–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Sneige N, Yaziji H, Mandavilli SR, Perez ER, Ordonez NG, Gown AM, Ayala A. Low-grade (fibromatosis-like) spindle cell carcinoma of the breast. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(8):1009–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Takano EA, Hunter SM, Campbell IG, Fox SB. Low-grade fibromatosis-like spindle cell carcinomas of the breast are molecularly exiguous. J Clin Pathol. 2015;68(5):362–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Reis-Filho JS, Milanezi F, Paredes J, Silva P, Pereira EM, Maeda SA, et al. Novel and classic myoepithelial/stem cell markers in metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2003;11(1):1–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Reis-Filho JS, Schmitt FC. p63 expression in sarcomatoid/metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Histopathology. 2003;42(1):94–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Reis-Filho JS, Milanezi F, Steele D, Savage K, Simpson PT, Nesland JM, et al. Metaplastic breast carcinomas are basal-like tumours. Histopathology. 2006;49(1):10–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Weigelt B, Kreike B, Reis-Filho JS. Metaplastic breast carcinomas are basal-like breast cancers: a genomic profiling analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;117(2):273–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Rakha EA, Coimbra ND, Hodi Z, Juneinah E, Ellis IO, Lee AH. Immunoprofile of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Histopathology. 2017;70(6):975–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Ng CKY, Piscuoglio S, Geyer FC, Burke KA, Pareja F, et al. The landscape of somatic genetic alterations in metaplastic breast carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(14):3859–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Righi L, Sapino A, Marchiò C, Papotti M, Bussolati G. Neuroendocrine differentiation in breast cancer: established facts and unresolved problems. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2010;27(1):69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Sapino A, Righi L, Cassoni P, Papotti M, Pietribiasi F, Bussolati G. Expression of the neuroendocrine phenotype in carcinomas of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2000;17(2):127–37.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Shin SJ, Delellis RA, Ying L, Rosen PP. Small cell carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of nine patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(9):1231–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Li D, Xiao X, Yang W, Shui R, Tu X, Lu H, Shi D. Secretory breast carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunophenotypic study of 15 cases with a review of the literature. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(4):567–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Tognon C, Knezevich SR, Huntsman D, Roskelley CD, Melnyk N, Mathers JA, et al. Expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion as a primary event in human secretory breast carcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2002;2:367–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Collins LC, Schnitt SJ. Papillary lesions of the breast: selected diagnostic and management issues. Histopathology. 2008;52(1):20–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Collins LC, Carlo VP, Hwang H, Barry TS, Gown AM, Schnitt SJ. Intracystic papillary carcinomas of the breast: a reevaluation using a panel of myoepithelial cell markers. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30(8):1002–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Esposito NN, Dabbs DJ, Bhargava R. Are encapsulated papillary carcinomas of the breast in situ or invasive? A basement membrane study of 27 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131(2):228–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Mulligan AM, O’Malley FP. Metastatic potential of encapsulated (intracystic) papillary carcinoma of the breast: a report of 2 cases with axillary lymph node micrometastases. Int J Surg Pathol. 2007;15:143–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Nassar H, Qureshi H, Adsay NV, Visscher D. Clinicopathologic analysis of solid papillary carcinoma of the breast and associated invasive carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30(4):501–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Nicolas MM, Wu Y, Middleton LP, Gilcrease MZ. Loss of myoepithelium is variable in solid papillary carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology. 2007;51(5):657–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rakha EA, Badve S, Eusebi V, Reis-Filho JS, Fox SB, Dabbs DJ, et al. Breast lesions of uncertain malignant nature and limited metastatic potential: proposals to improve their recognition and clinical management. Histopathology. 2016;68(1):45–56.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Ghabach B, Anderson WF, Curtis RE, Huycke MM, Lavigne JA, Dores GM. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast in the United States (1977 to 2006): a population-based cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(4):R54.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Marchiò C, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast and salivary glands (or ‘The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ of exocrine gland carcinomas). J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(3):220–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Kulkarni N, Pezzi CM, Greif JM, Suzanne Klimberg V, Bailey L, Korourian S, Zuraek M. Rare breast cancer: 933 adenoid cystic carcinomas from the National Cancer Data Base. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(7):2236–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Shin SJ, Rosen PP. Solid variant of mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma with basaloid features: a study of nine cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(4):413–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Hayes MM, Seidman JD, Ashton MA. Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;19(8):904–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Kuroda H, Sakamoto G, Ohnisi K, Itoyama S. Clinical and pathological features of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer. 2005;12(3):189–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Yamauchi H, Woodward WA, Valero V, Alvarez RH, Lucci A, Buchholz TA, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: what we know and what we need to learn. Oncologist. 2012;17(7):891–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Robertson FM, Bondy M, Yang W, Yamauchi H, Wiggins S, Kamrudin S, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: the disease, the biology, the treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(6):351–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tuzlali Private Pathology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sitki Tuzlali

  2. Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey

    Sitki Tuzlali & Ekrem Yavuz

Authors
  1. Sitki Tuzlali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ekrem Yavuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Adnan Aydiner

  2. General Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdullah Igci

  3. Surgical Oncology, Magee-Women’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centre, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Atilla Soran

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tuzlali, S., Yavuz, E. (2019). Pathology of Breast Cancer. In: Aydiner, A., Igci, A., Soran, A. (eds) Breast Cancer . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96947-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96947-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96946-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96947-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation