Abstract
The development of semantic web technologies and the expansion of the amount of data managed within companies databases has significantly expanded the gap between information systems and amplified the changes in many technologies. However, this growth of information will give rise to real obstacles if we cannot maintain the pace with these changes and meet the needs of users. To succeed, researchers must administrate properly these sources of knowledge and support the interoperability of heterogeneous information systems. In this perspective, it is necessary to find a solution for integrating data from traditional information systems into richer systems based on ontologies. In this paper, we provide and develop a semi-automatic integration approach in which ontology has a central role. Our approach is to convert the different classical data sources (UML, XML, RDB) to local ontologies (OWL2), then merge these ontologies into a global ontological model based on syntactic, structural and semantic similarity measurement techniques to identify similar concepts and avoid their redundancy in the merge result. Our study is proven by a developed prototype that demonstrates the efficiency and power of our strategy and validates the theoretical concept.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Maedche, A., Staab, S.: Measuring similarity between ontologies. In: Gómez-Pérez, A., Benjamins, V.R. (eds.) EKAW 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2473, pp. 251–263. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45810-7_24
Leacock, C., Chodorow, M.: Combining local context and WordNet similarity for word sense identification. In: Fellbaum, C. (ed.) WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Lin, D.: An information-theoretic definition of similarity. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 1998). Morgan Kaufmann, Madison (1998)
Breitling, F.: A standard transformation from XML to RDF via XSLT. Astron. Nachr. 330(7), 755–760 (2009)
Li, G., Luo, Z., Shao, J.: Multi-mapping based ontology merging system design. In: 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computer Control (ICACC), June 2010
Stumne, G., Maedche, A.: FCA-MERGE: bottom-up merging of ontologies. In: The 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1, pp. 225–230, August 2001
Wiederhold, G.: Mediators in the architecture of future information systems. IEEE Comput. 25(3), 38–49 (1992)
Ling, H., Zhou, S.: Mapping relational databases into OWL ontology. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 5(6), 4735–4740 (2013)
Bedini, I., Matheus, C., Patel-Schneider, P.F.: Transforming XML schema to OWL using patterns. In: 2011 Fifth IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), October 2011
Bedini, I., Benjamin, N., Gardarin, G.: Janus: Automatic Ontology Builder from XSD files. arXiv preprint arXiv:1001.4892 (2010)
Sequeda, J.F., Arenas, M., Miranker, D.P.: On directly mapping relational databases to RDF and OWL. In: International World Wide Web Conference Committee (IW3C2), WWW 2012, 16–20 April 2012, Lyon, France (2012)
Jiang, J., Conrath, D.: Semantic similarity based on corpus statistics and lexical taxonomy. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Computational Linguistics, Taiwan (1997)
Huang, J.Y., Lange, C., Auer, S.: Streaming transformation of XML to RDF using XPath based mappings. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Semantic Systems, SEMANTICS 2015, 15–17 September, Vienna, Austria (2015)
Zedlitz, J., Jörke, J., Luttenberger, N.: From UML to OWL 2. In: Lukose, D., Ahmad, A.R., Suliman, A. (eds.) KTW 2011. CCIS, vol. 295, pp. 154–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32826-8_16
Alaoui, L., EL Hajjamy, O., Bahaj, M.: Automatic mapping of relational databases to OWL ontology. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), 3(4) (2014)
Alaoui, L., El Hajjamy, O., Bahaj, M.: RDB2OWL2: schema and data conversion from RDB into OWL2, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), 3(11) (2014)
Ferdinand, M., Zirpins, C., Trastour, D.: Lifting XML schema to OWL. In: Koch, N., Fraternali, P., Wirsing, M. (eds.) ICWE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3140, pp. 354–358. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27834-4_44
Klein, M., Fensel, D.: Ontology versioning on the semantic web. In: The First Semantic Web Working Symposium, Stanford, CA (2001)
Löwe, M.: Algebraic approach to single-pushout graph transformation. Theor. Comput. Sci. 109(1–2), 181–224 (1993)
Mahfoudh, M., Forestier, G., Hassenforder, M.: A benchmark for ontologies merging assessment. In: Lehner, F., Fteimi, N. (eds.) KSEM 2016. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9983, pp. 555–566. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47650-6_44
Noy, N.F., Muzen, N.A.: PROMPT: algorithm and tool for automated ontology merging and alignement. Stanford University (2000)
Gherabi, N., Bahaj, M.: A new method for mapping UML class into OWL ontology. Spec. Issue Int. J. Comput. Appl. (0975 – 8887) Softw. Eng. Databases Expert Syst. – SEDEXS, (2012)
EL Hajjamy, O., Alaoui, L., Bahaj, M.: Mapping UML to OWL2 Ontology. J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol. (JATIT), 90(1) (2016)
EL Hajjamy, O., Alaoui, L., Bahaj, M.: XSD2OWL2: automatic mapping from XML schema into OWL2 ontology. J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol. (JATIT), 95(8) (2017)
Resnik, P.: Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in taxonomy. In: Proceedings of 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Montreal (1995)
Rada, R., Mili, H., Bichnell, E., Blettner, M.: Development and application of a metric on semantic nets. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 19, 17–30 (1989)
Amrouch, S., Mostefai, S.: Un algorithme semi-automatique pour la fusion d’ontologies basé sur la combinaison de stratégies. In: International Conference on Education and e-Learning Innovations (2012)
Cranefield, S.: UML and the semantic web. In: The First Semantic Web Working Symposium, pp. 113–130. Stanford University, California (2001)
Raunich, S., Rahm, E.: ATOM: automatic target-driven ontology merging. In: 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), May 2011
Slimani, T., Yaghlane, B.B., Mellouli, K.: Une extension de mesure de similarité entre les concepts d’une ontologie. In: 4th International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications, March 2007
Levenshtein, V.I.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals. Sov. Phys. Dokl. 6, 707–710 (1966)
Winkler, W.E.: Overview of record linkage and current research directions. In: Research Report Series, RRS (2006)
Wu, Z., Palmer, M.: Verb semantics and lexical selection. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Associations for Computational Linguistics, pp. 133–138 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
El Hajjamy, O., Alaoui, L., Bahaj, M. (2018). Integration of Heterogeneous Classical Data Sources in an Ontological Database. In: Tabii, Y., Lazaar, M., Al Achhab, M., Enneya, N. (eds) Big Data, Cloud and Applications. BDCA 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 872. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96292-4_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96292-4_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-96291-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-96292-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)