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Diabetic Macular Edema

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Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

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Abstract

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual deterioration in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. Grid and focal laser photocoagulation, according to the ETDRS recommendations, have been considered the mainstay treatment for decades. With the advent of the new intravitreal pharmacotherapies, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and steroids, a new scenario has opened in the management of such a complex disease. An advantage of intravitreal injections is the chance to promote visual recovery. Nevertheless, this approach, requiring repeated monthly interventions, may amplify the procedure-related adverse events. In order to improve the patients’ response and reduce the frequency of retreatments, several trials have demonstrated the role of extended-release intravitreal drug delivery systems as more long-lasting alternatives or combination theraphy. Finally, new agents are currently under investigation to refine the available therapeutic strategies. In this deluge of different treatment options, head-to-head comparison between different drugs and procedures is still needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Bandello, Rosangela Lattanzio, Ilaria Zucchiatti, Alessandro Arrigo, Marco Battista & Maria Vittoria Cicinelli

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  1. Francesco Bandello
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  2. Rosangela Lattanzio
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  4. Alessandro Arrigo
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  5. Marco Battista
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  6. Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
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Correspondence to Rosangela Lattanzio .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Bandello

  2. Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA

    Marco Attilio Zarbin

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Rosangela Lattanzio

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Ilaria Zucchiatti

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Bandello, F., Lattanzio, R., Zucchiatti, I., Arrigo, A., Battista, M., Cicinelli, M.V. (2019). Diabetic Macular Edema. In: Bandello, F., Zarbin, M., Lattanzio, R., Zucchiatti, I. (eds) Clinical Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96157-6_3

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