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Evolutionary Impacts of Alternative Transposition

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Origin and Evolution of Biodiversity

Abstract

With the development of rapid DNA-sequencing techniques, more and more eukaryotic genomes are sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Now, we know that many eukaryotic genomes are large, highly repetitive, and very complex. One question that remains is what evolutionary forces generate the complexity of eukaryotic genomes? In this chapter, we discuss one of the possible answers to this question: the capacity of transposable elements to induce diverse genomic recombinations through various transposition reactions. Transposable elements (TEs or transposons) are DNA sequences that can move from one genomic location to another, and they are highly represented in most eukaryotic genomes. TEs are often called “junk DNA” because most copies are silenced and have no obvious function; however, various studies have indicated that TEs have made major contributions to shaping eukaryotic genomes and regulating gene expression. We show that TE transpositions can induce a variety of genome rearrangements including deletion, inversion, duplication, and translocation. These occur as direct products of alternative transposition pathways. Unlike standard transposition which involves only one transposon, alternative transposition involves two distinct TEs, undergoes more complicated movements, and generates more significant genome structure variations. Here, we describe various types of alternative transposition pathways, the diverse genome rearrangements they generate, and their potential role in the process of genome evolution.

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Acknowledgements

This Research is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project number IOW05282, and by State of Iowa funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3260, USA

    Weijia Su, Sharu Paul Sharma & Thomas Peterson

  2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3260, USA

    Weijia Su, Sharu Paul Sharma & Thomas Peterson

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  1. Weijia Su
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  2. Sharu Paul Sharma
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Correspondence to Thomas Peterson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Aix-Marseille Université IRD, APHM, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogénie, Infection, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France

    Pierre Pontarotti

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Su, W., Sharma, S.P., Peterson, T. (2018). Evolutionary Impacts of Alternative Transposition. In: Pontarotti, P. (eds) Origin and Evolution of Biodiversity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95954-2_7

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