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Shedding Light on the Cracks in Neoliberal Universities

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Resisting Neoliberalism in Higher Education Volume I

Part of the book series: Palgrave Critical University Studies ((PCU))

Abstract

Harnessed to economic purposes and gripped by rampant managerialism, the scope of academic work is diminished and subject to punitive performance regimes. This book aims to shed light on how academics are negotiating these changes and ‘seeing through the cracks’ to spaces of resistance. In this chapter we outline the backstory and situate the collection and approach to resistance within the field of Critical University Studies. We discuss the metaphor of seeing through the cracks in terms of openings to cultural democratisation of the 1970s and 1980s, then introduce the chapters, organised around two themes of seeing outside-in and inside-out.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Raewyn Connell, “Love, Fear and Learning in the Market University,” Australian Universities’ Review 56 (2014) 56; Lew Zipin, “Governing Australia’s Universities: The Managerial Strong-Arming of Academic Agency,” Social Alternatives 25 (2006) 26.

  2. 2.

    Steven C. Ward, “From E Pluribus Unum to Caveat Emptor: How Neoliberal Policies are Capturing and Dismantling the Liberal University,” New Political Science 36 (2014) 459.

  3. 3.

    Raewyn Connell, “Southern Theory and World Universities,” Higher Education Research & Development 36 (2017) 4; Bo Göransson and Claes Brundenius eds., Universities in Transition. The Changing Role and Challenges for Academic Institutions (Springer: Ottawa, 2011); Simon Marginson, Higher Education and the Common Good (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2016).

  4. 4.

    Henry A. Giroux. “Neoliberalism, Corporate Culture, and the Promise of Higher Education,” Harvard Educational Review 72 (2002) 425; Erica McWilliam, Alison Green, Nancy Hunt, Martin Bridgstock and Brad Young, “Inviting conversations? Dialogic difficulties in the corporate university,” Higher Education Research & Development 19 (2000) 237; Marilee Reimer, ed., Inside Corporate U: Women in the Academy Speak Out. (Toronto: Sumach Press, 2004); Gary Rolfe, The University in Dissent: Scholarship in the Corporate University. (London: Routledge, 2013).

  5. 5.

    Simon Marginson and Mark Considine, The Enterprise University. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

  6. 6.

    Sheila Slaughter and Larry L. Leslie, Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Entrepreneurial University (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997); Yvette Taylor, ed., The Entrepreneurial University – Engaging Publics, Intersecting Impacts. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).

  7. 7.

    Stephen J. Ball, “Performativity, Commodification and Commitment: An I-spy Guide to the Neoliberal University,” British Journal of Educational Studies 60 (2012) 17; Stephen J. Ball, “Living the neo-liberal university,” European Journal of Education 50 (2015): 258–60; Joyce E. Canaan and Wesley Shumar, eds., Structure and Agency in the Neoliberal University (New York: Routledge, 2008); Raewyn Connell, “The Neoliberal Cascade and Education: An Essay on the Market Agenda and Its Consequences.” Critical Studies in Education 54 (2013) 99; Raewyn Connell, “What are good universities?” Australian Universities’ Review 58 (2016) 67; Margaret Thornton ed., Through a Glass Darkly. The Social Sciences Look at the Neoliberal University (Canberra: ANU Press, 2015).

  8. 8.

    Slaughter and Leslie, Academic Capitalism.

  9. 9.

    Cris Shore, “Audit Culture and Illiberal Governance. Universities and the Politics of Accountability,” Anthropological Theory 8 (2008) 278.

  10. 10.

    Jill Blackmore, Marie Brennan, and Lew Zipin eds., Re-positioning University Governance and Academic Work (Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010); Bronwyn Davies and Peter Bansel, “Governmentality and Academic Work. Shaping the Hearts and Minds of Academic Workers,” Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 26 (2010) 5.

  11. 11.

    Tai Peseta, Simon Barrie, and Jan Maclean. “Academic Life in the Measured University: Pleasures, Paradoxes and Politics,” Higher Education Research and Development 36 (2017) 453.

  12. 12.

    John Smyth, The Toxic University: Zombie Leadership, Academic Rock Stars and Neoliberal Ideology (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).

  13. 13.

    Mark Amsler, “Higher Education Reform in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan: The Politics of Neoliberal Agendas in Theory and Practice,” in Structure and Agency in the Neoliberal University, ed. Joyce E Canaan and Wesley Shumar (New York: Routledge, 2008), 101; Stephen J. Ball, “Subjectivity as a Site of Struggle: Refusing neoliberalism?” British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37 (2015) 1129–1146; Maggie Berg and Barbara K Seeber. The Slow Professor: Challenging the Culture of Speed in the Academy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016).

  14. 14.

    Bill Readings, The University in Ruins (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996).

  15. 15.

    Laurie, Nina & Liz Bondi (eds). Working the Spaces of Neoliberalism. Activism, Professionalization and Incorporation. (Malden: Blackwell, 2005).

  16. 16.

    Morley, Louise, “Imagining the University of the Future.” In The Future University, ed. Ronald Barnett (New York: Routledge, 2012), 26.

  17. 17.

    Ronald Barnett, The Future University (New York: Routledge, 2012).

  18. 18.

    Raewyn Connell, “Love, Fear and Learning in the Market University.” Australian Universities’ Review 56 (2014) 56.

  19. 19.

    Patrick Wolfe, “Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native,” Journal of Genocide Research 8 (2006) 387; 387.

  20. 20.

    Antonia Darder, “Institutional Research as a Tool for Cultural Democracy.” New Directions for Institutional Research, 81 (1994) 21; 31.

  21. 21.

    Blackmore, Brennan and Zipin, Re-positioning University Governance.

  22. 22.

    Keith Hoeller ed., Equality for Contingent Faculty: Overcoming the Two-tier System (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2014); Joseph M. Schwartz, “Resisting the Norming of the Neoliberal Academic Subject: Building Resistance Across Faculty Ranks”. In Resisting Neoliberalism in Higher Education Volume II, Prising Open the Cracks ed. Catherine Manathunga and Dorothy Bottrell (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).

  23. 23.

    Greg McCarthy, Xianlin Song and Kanishka Jayasuriya, “The Proletarianisation of Academic Labour in Australia,” Higher Education Research & Development 36 (2017): 1017.

  24. 24.

    Raewyn Connell, “Southern Theory and World Universities,” Higher Education Research & Development 36 (2017) 4; 4.

  25. 25.

    Andrew G. Bonnell, “Democratisation or Management and Corporate Capture? Theses on the Governance Crisis of Australia’s Semi-Privatised Public Universities,” Australian Universities’ Review 58 (2016): 26; Zipin, Governing Australia’s Universities.

  26. 26.

    Jill Blackmore, “Academic Pedagogies, Quality Logics and Performative Universities: Evaluating Teaching and What Students Want,” Studies in Higher Education 34 (2009) 857; Raewyn Connell, “The Neoliberal Cascade”; Wendy Larner and Richard Le Heron, “Neo-liberalizing Spaces and Subjectivities: Reinventing New Zealand Universities.” Organization 12 (2005) 843; Cris Shore, Audit Culture.

  27. 27.

    John Kenny and Andrew Edward Fluck, “Towards a Methodology to Determine Standard Time Allocations for Academic Work,” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 39 (2017): 503.

  28. 28.

    Richard Hil, Whackademia: An Insider’s Account of the Troubled University (Sydney: NewSouth Publishing, 2012), 164.

  29. 29.

    Angelika Papadopoulos, “The Mismeasure of Academic Labour.” Higher Education Research & Development 36 (2017) 511.

  30. 30.

    Hil, Whackademia, 164.

  31. 31.

    Gail Kinman, “Doing More with Less? Work and Wellbeing in Academics,” Somatechnics 4 (2014): 219–35.

  32. 32.

    Kinman, Doing More with Less?, 222.

  33. 33.

    Kinman, Doing More with Less?, 222.

  34. 34.

    National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU), 2017 NTEU State of the Uni Survey. Report 1: Overview, Accessed April 21, 2018. www.nteu.org.au/stateoftheuni

  35. 35.

    Mark Amsler and Cris Shore, “Responsibilisation and Leadership in the Neoliberal University: A New Zealand Perspective,” Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38 (2017) 123.

  36. 36.

    Bruce Macfarlane, “Dualisms in Higher Education: A Critique of their Influence and Effect,” Higher Education Quarterly 69 (2015) 101.

  37. 37.

    Chris Holligan, Michael Wilson, and Walter Humes, “Research Cultures in English and Scottish University Education Departments: An Exploratory Study of Academic Staff Perceptions,” British Educational Research Journal 37 (2011) 713.

  38. 38.

    Rachael Pitt and Inger Mewburn, “Academic superheroes? A Critical Analysis of Academic Job Descriptions.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 38 (2016) 88.

  39. 39.

    Antonia Darder, “Neoliberalism in the Academic Borderlands: An On-going Struggle for Equality and Human Rights,” Educational Studies: A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association 48 (2012) 412; Smyth, Toxic University.

  40. 40.

    Darder, “Academic Borderlands”, 415.

  41. 41.

    Hil, Whackademia; Zipin, “Governing Australia’s Universities”.

  42. 42.

    Burrows, Roger. “Living with the H-Index? Metric Assemblages in the Contemporary Academy.” The Sociological Review, 60 (2012): 355–372; Dehli, Kari. 2010, “Toward a New Survivalism? Neo-liberal Government of Graduate Education in Ontario.” In Re-Positioning university governance and academic work, ed. Jill Blackmore, Marie Brennan, and Lew Zipin (Rotterdam: Sense, 2010), 85; Diane Kirkby and Kerreen Reiger, “A Design for Learning? A Case Study of the Hidden Costs of Curriculum and Organisational Change”, In Through a Glass Darkly. The Social Sciences look at the neoliberal university, ed. Margaret Thornton (Canberra: ANU Press, 2015), 103; Saltmarsh, Sue and Holly Randell-Moon. “Work, Life, and Im/balance: Policies, Practices and Performativities of Academic Well-being.” Somatechnics 4 (2014): 236–252; Yvette Taylor, “Queer Encounters of Sexuality and Class: Navigating Emotional Landscapes of Academia,” Emotion, Space & Society 8 (2013) 51.

  43. 43.

    Jennifer C. Nash and Emily A. Owens. “Institutional Feelings: Practicing Women’s Studies in the Corporate University.” Feminist Formations, 27 (2015): Winter. Accessed 10 July 2016, https://feministformations.org/blog/institutional-feelings-practicing-women%E2%80%99s-studies-corporate-university-feminist-formations-273

  44. 44.

    Raewyn Connell, Confronting Equality: Gender, Knowledge and Global Change (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2011), p. 43.

  45. 45.

    Connell, “Neoliberal Cascade”; Michael O’Sullivan, Academic Barbarism, Universities and Inequality (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016); Bronwyn Davies, Michael Gottsche, and Peter Bansel, “The Rise and Fall of the Neo-liberal University,” European Journal of Education, 41 (2006) 305.

  46. 46.

    Ball, “Subjectivity as a Site of Struggle”, 15.

  47. 47.

    Harold Perkin, “History of universities.” In International Handbook of Higher Education, ed. James J. F. Forest and Philip G. Altbach (Dordrecht: Springer, 2007), 159.

  48. 48.

    Perkin, “History of universities”, 159.

  49. 49.

    Perkin, 161.

  50. 50.

    Perkin.

  51. 51.

    N’Dri Thérèse Assié-Lumumba, Higher education in Africa (Senegal: CODESRIA Working Paper Series, 2006).

  52. 52.

    Hoani Te Whatahoro, The Lore of the Whare-Wānanga or Teachings of the Māori College of Religion, Cosmogony and History, trans. S. Percy Smith (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

  53. 53.

    Jeffrey Williams, “Deconstructing Academe: The Birth of Critical University Studies,” Chronicle of Higher Education, 58 (2012) 1–6. Accessed November 4, 2016. https://www.chronicle.com/section/Home/5; 2.

  54. 54.

    Stephen Petrina, “The New Critiquette and Old Scholactivism: A Petit Critique of Academic Manners, Managers, Matters, and Freedom,” Workplace, 20 (2012) 17; Smyth, Toxic University.

  55. 55.

    Stephen Petrina, and E. Wayne Ross, “Critical University Studies: Workplace, Milestones, Crossroads, Respect, Truth,” Workplace 23 (2014) 62.

  56. 56.

    Slaughter and Leslie, Academic Capitalism.

  57. 57.

    Bill Readings, The University in Ruins.

  58. 58.

    Connell, “Neoliberal Cascade”; Connell, “What are good universities?”.

  59. 59.

    Davies and Bansel, “Governmentality and Academic Work”; Davies, Gottsche and Bansel, “Rise and Fall of the Neo-liberal University”.

  60. 60.

    Marginson and Considine, The Enterprise University.

  61. 61.

    Ball, “Performativity, Commodification and Commitment”; “Living the neo-liberal university”; “Subjectivity as a Site of Struggle”.

  62. 62.

    Linda T. Smith, Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples (London/New York: Zed Books, 1999).

  63. 63.

    Aileen Moreton-Robinson, The White Possessive: Property, Power and Indigenous Sovereignty (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2015); xi.

  64. 64.

    Williams, “Deconstructing Academe”.

  65. 65.

    Williams, “Deconstructing Academe”, 2.

  66. 66.

    Jeffrey Williams, “Teach the University,” Pedagogy, 8 (2008): 25.

  67. 67.

    Antonia Darder, Freire and Education (London: Routledge, 2014).

  68. 68.

    Williams, “Deconstructing Academe”, 2.

  69. 69.

    Giroux, Henry A. “The Necessity of Critical Pedagogy in Dark Times”. Truthout, February 6, 2013. https://truthout.org/articles/a-critical-interview-with-henry-giroux/; para. 3.

  70. 70.

    Petrina, “The New Critiquette”, 17.

  71. 71.

    Williams, “Teach the University”, 25.

  72. 72.

    Williams, “Teach the University”.

  73. 73.

    Williams, “Teach the University”.

  74. 74.

    Sean Sturm, “‘Teaching the university’: Learning from the play of values.” Paper presented at the International Academic Identities Conference 2016. Sydney, Australia.

  75. 75.

    Gina Anderson, “Mapping Academic Resistance in the Managerial University,” Organization 15 (2008): 251.

  76. 76.

    James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).

  77. 77.

    Anderson, “Mapping Academic Resistance”.

  78. 78.

    Heath and Burdon, “Academic Resistance”, 390.

  79. 79.

    Zeena Feldman and Marisol Sandoval, “Metric Power and the Academic Self. Neoliberalism, Knowledge and Resistance in the British University,” TripleC 16 (2018) 214.

  80. 80.

    David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

  81. 81.

    Heath and Burdon, “Academic Resistance”.

  82. 82.

    Heath and Burdon, 397.

  83. 83.

    See Chap. 15.

  84. 84.

    Henry A. Giroux, “Beyond the Swindle of the Corporate University: Higher Education in the Service of Democracy,” Truthout, January 18, 2011. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/69:beyond-the-swindle-of-the-corporate-university-higher-education-in-the-service-of-democracy; para. 14.

  85. 85.

    Gary Foley, “A short History of the Australian Indigenous Resistance 1950–1990”, 2010. Accessed January 4, 2017, http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/resources/pdfs/229.pdf

  86. 86.

    See for example, Larry A. Swatuk and Peter Vale, “‘A Better Life for All’: Prefigurative and Strategic Politics in Southern Africa,” Journal of Social and Political Psychology 4 (2016) 332.

  87. 87.

    Maria Lugones, Peregrinajes/Pilgrimages: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions (New York: Rowman & Littlefield Press, 2003), 3; see especially, “Introduction” chapter.

  88. 88.

    Antonia Darder, “Radio and the Art of Resistance: A Public Pedagogy of the Airwaves,” Policy Futures in Education 9 (2011), 702.

  89. 89.

    Darder, “Radio and the Art of Resistance”, 702.

  90. 90.

    Lugones, Peregrinajes/Pilgrimages; 7.

  91. 91.

    Lugones, Peregrinajes/Pilgrimages; 5.

  92. 92.

    Leonard Cohen, quoted in Barbara Gowdy, “TV Interview”, 1992. In Leonard Cohen on Leonard Cohen. Interviews and Encounters, ed. Jeff Burger (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2014), 292.

  93. 93.

    Gary Foley, “A short History of the Australian Indigenous Resistance”.

  94. 94.

    Jackie Huggins, Sister Girl. The Writings of Aboriginal Activist and Historian Jackie Huggins (St Lucia, Qld: The University of Queensland Press, 1998).

  95. 95.

    For example, Pat Mahony and Christine Zmroczek eds, Class Matters. ‘Working-class’ Women’s Perspectives on Social Class (London: Taylor & Francis, 1997).

  96. 96.

    Hannah Forsyth, A history of the Modern Australian University (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2014).

  97. 97.

    Barnett, The Future University; Simon Marginson, Educating Australia. Government, Economy and Citizen Since 1960 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

  98. 98.

    Morley, “Imagining the University”.

  99. 99.

    Giroux, “The Necessity of Critical Pedagogy”.

  100. 100.

    Smyth, Toxic University.

  101. 101.

    Paula Baron, “Working the Clock: The Academic Body on Neoliberal Time,” Somatechnics 4 (2014) 253.

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Bottrell, D., Manathunga, C. (2019). Shedding Light on the Cracks in Neoliberal Universities. In: Bottrell, D., Manathunga, C. (eds) Resisting Neoliberalism in Higher Education Volume I. Palgrave Critical University Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95942-9_1

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