Abstract
This article provides an overview of existing knowledge on labor exploitation and human trafficking, focusing on its definition, push and pull factors and health outcomes. It shows that migration is a process of movements, and it considers human trafficking as a series of event-related stages during which various risks, including to health, may arise. Those are discussed at the recruitment stage, the travel and transit stage, the exploitation stage, the detention stage and the integration or reintegration stage. The article shows the lack of existing empirical evidence on human trafficking and labor exploitation, and introduces two key studies – the “Study on Trafficking, Exploitation and Abuse in the Mekong Sub-region” and the study “Health of Trafficked Women: A Survey of Women Entering Post-trafficking Services in Europe.”
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aronowitz, A. A. (2004). Victimization of trafficked persons and illegal migrants. International Review of Victimology, 11(1), 11–32.
Baicherikov, T., & Nishanov, V. (2000). Trafficking in women and children from the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek: International Organization for Migration.
Chapkis, W. (2003). Trafficking, migration, and the law protecting innocents, punishing immigrants. Gender and Society, 17(6), 923–937.
Doezema, J. (2002). Who gets to choose? Coercion, consent, and the UN trafficking protocol. Gender and Development, 10(1), 20–27.
Gülçür, L., & İlkkaracan, P. (2002). The ‘Natasha’ experience: Migrant sex workers from the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in Turkey. Paper presented at the Women’s Studies International Forum.
Jordan, A. D. (2002). Human rights or wrongs? The struggle for a rights-based response to trafficking in human beings. Gender and Development, 10(1), 28–37.
Kelly, L. (2004). The perils of inclusion and exclusion: International debates on the status of trafficked women as victims. International Review of Victimology, 11(1), 33–47.
Kiss, L., Pocock, N. S., Naisanguansri, V., Suos, S., Dickson, B., Thuy, D., et al. (2015). Health of men, women, and children in post-trafficking services in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: An observational cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health, 3(3), e154–e161.
Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57.
Limanowska, B. (2002). Trafficking in human beings in southeastern Europe. New York: UNICEF.
McDonald, W. F. (2004). Traffic counts, symbols and agendas: A critique of the campaign against trafficking of human beings. International Review of Victimology, 11(1), 143–176.
Miriam, K. (2005). Stopping the traffic in women: Power, agency and abolition in feminist debates over sex‐trafficking. Journal of Social Philosophy, 36(1), 1–15.
Nikolic-Ristanovic, V. (2002). Social change, gender and violence – Post-communist and war affected societies. Dordrecht: Springer.
Oram, S., Stöckl, H., Busza, J., Howard, L. M., & Zimmerman, C. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: Systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 9(5), e1001224.
Pearson, E. (2001). Human rights and trafficking in persons – A handbook. Bangkok: Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women.
Petersen, W. (1958). A general typology of migration. American Sociological Review, 23(3), 256–266.
Polaris Project. (n.d.). https://polarisproject.org/.
Tavcer, S. (2007). Causal factors in the crime of trafficking of women for the purpose of sexual exploitation: An exploration into push and pull factors relevant to women trafficked from Moldova to Western Europe. Freiburg im Breisgau: Faculty of Philosophy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität.
Zimmerman, C., Yun, K., Shvab, I., Watts, C., & Trappolin, L. (2003). The health risks and consequences of trafficking in women and adolescents: Findings from a European study. Including: Human rights analysis of health and trafficking and principles for promoting the health rights of trafficked women. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).
Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., Yun, K., Roche, B., Morison, L., & Watts, C. (2006). Stolen smiles: The physical and psychological health consequences of trafficking in women. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., Yun, K., Gajdadziev, V., Guzun, N., Tchomarova, M., & Scodanibbio, S. (2008). The health of trafficked women: A survey of women entering posttrafficking services in Europe. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1), 55–59.
Zimmerman, C., Hossain, M., & Watts, C. (2011a). Human trafficking and health: A conceptual model to inform policy, intervention and research. Social Science and Medicine, 73(2), 327–335.
Zimmerman, C., Kiss, L., & Hossain, M. (2011b). Migration and health: A framework for 21st century policy-making. PLoS Medicine, 8(5), e1001034.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stöckl, H. (2018). Human Trafficking and Labor Exploitation of Migrants. In: Balica, E., Marinescu, V. (eds) Migration and Crime. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95813-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95812-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-95813-2
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)