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Prevalence and Aetiopathogenesis of Intellectual Developmental Disorders

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Textbook of Psychiatry for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

The chapter outlines the epidemiology of intellectual disability (ID) and specifically provides an overview of studies related to prevalence, incidence, mortality rates, risk factors and mental health services for ID. A meta-analysis of 52 studies found the prevalence of ID cases to be 10.37/1000 population with higher rates in lower and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. The cumulative incidence based on cohort studies is about 12.6 cases/1000 population. The lifespan is directly correlated to the severity of ID. Though in most cases the aetiology is unknown, genetic causes are the main known risk factor. Knowledge about appropriate mental health services for people with intellectual disabilities is limited. Some major gaps in knowledge are lack of high-quality epidemiological studies from low- and middle-income countries, few studies on incidence, quality of mental health services and cost-effectiveness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India

    Pallab K. Maulik

  2. The George Institute for Global Health, Oxford, UK

    Pallab K. Maulik

  3. University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Pallab K. Maulik

  4. Department of Health and Human Performance, Berea College, Berea, KY, USA

    Ram Lakhan

  5. Department of Clinical Psychology, M.V. Govindaswamy Center, Bangalore, India

    M. Thomas Kishore

  6. Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Anamika Sahu & Rajesh Sagar

  7. CREA (Research and Clinical Centre), Fondazione San Sebastiano, Misericordia di Firenze, Florence, Italy

    Marco O. Bertelli

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  6. Rajesh Sagar
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Correspondence to Pallab K. Maulik .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CREA (Research and ClinicalCentre), Fondazione San Sebastiano, Misericordia di Firenze, Florence, Italy

    Marco O. Bertelli

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Shoumitro (Shoumi) Deb

  3. Developmental Medicine Centre, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Kerim Munir

  4. Division of Psychiatry, University College London and Camden & Islington Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Angela Hassiotis

  5. Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia

    Luis Salvador-Carulla

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Maulik, P.K., Lakhan, R., Kishore, M.T., Sahu, A., Bertelli, M.O., Sagar, R. (2022). Prevalence and Aetiopathogenesis of Intellectual Developmental Disorders. In: Bertelli, M.O., Deb, S.(., Munir, K., Hassiotis, A., Salvador-Carulla, L. (eds) Textbook of Psychiatry for Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_2

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