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Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Post-concussion Syndrome (PCS) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

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Topics in Cognitive Rehabilitation in the TBI Post-Hospital Phase

Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury, also known as concussion, is more common than previously thought. Most patients see their concussion symptoms resolve within 7–10 days; however, a minority develop persistent symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of post-concussion syndrome (PCS). The long-term effects of concussion, in particular repeated concussion, have been associated with a neurodegenerative condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). PCS is a clinical syndrome that is diagnosed through subjective self-reported symptoms and has no clear pathology. CTE, currently, is a postmortem diagnosis. Many of the neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with CTE overlap with those of PCS and include depression, anxiety, and irritability. The relationship between PCS and CTE is unknown. This chapter will focus on discussing the current literature regarding distinctive and shared neuropsychiatric symptoms of PCS and CTE and what is known about their pathophysiology.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

CTE:

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition

DSM-V:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

ICD-10:

International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

mTBI:

mild traumatic brain injury

NFL:

National Football League

OCD:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

PCS:

Post-concussion syndrome

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Anna Vasilevskaya & Maria Carmela Tartaglia

  2. Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Anna Vasilevskaya & Maria Carmela Tartaglia

  3. Division of Neurology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Maria Carmela Tartaglia

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Correspondence to Anna Vasilevskaya .

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  1. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Renato Anghinah

  2. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Wellingson Paiva

  3. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Linamara Rizzo Battistella

  4. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Robson Amorim

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Vasilevskaya, A., Tartaglia, M.C. (2018). Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Post-concussion Syndrome (PCS) and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). In: Anghinah, R., Paiva, W., Battistella, L., Amorim, R. (eds) Topics in Cognitive Rehabilitation in the TBI Post-Hospital Phase. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95376-2_12

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