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Environmental Civil Disobedience

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Abstract

Four views concerning environmental disobedience are discussed in this chapter, focusing on the moral justification of lawbreaking on behalf of natural environments. The traditional view suggests that accounts of ordinary civil disobedience understood through the Rawlsian tradition can be extended to capture cases of environmental disobedience. The revisionary view argues that the concept of civil disobedience needs to be revised in order to account for environmental disobedience, ecosabotage in particular. The radical view militates against basic assumptions of civil disobedience to argue that ecosabotage counts as forms of civil disobedience. The envisionary view suggests that environmental disobedience is best understood as a creative performance, a type of beautiful trouble or creative disruption that expresses environmental values that we must use the moral imagination to understand.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Throughout the chapter, I will use the shortened phrase “environmental disobedience” to refer to environmental civil disobedience.

  2. 2.

    B. Guy Peters, American Public Policy (Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2016), 10–11.

  3. 3.

    Ned Hettinger, “Environmental Disobedience.” In Environmental Philosophy, edited by Dale Jamieson (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers 2001), 498–509 and Kimberley Brownlee “Civil Disobedience” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2017 last modified Fall 2017 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-diso-bedience/.

  4. 4.

    Peter List “Some Philosophical Assessments of Environmental Disobedience” in Philosophy and the Natural Environment ed. R. Attfield and A. Belsey (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press), 183–198 and Jennifer Welchman “Is Ecosabotage Civil Disobedience” Philosophy and Geography 4.1 (2001), 97–107.

  5. 5.

    Michael Martin “Ecosabotage and Civil Disobedience” Environmental Ethics 12.4 (1990), 291–310; Robert Young “‘Monkeywrenching’ and the Processes of Democracy” Environmental Politics 4.4 (1995), 199–213; and John Morreall “The Justifiability of Violent Civil Disobedience” in Civil Disobedience in Focus. Ed. H. A. Bedau (London: Routledge), 130–143.

  6. 6.

    Erica Von Essen “Environmental Disobedience and the dialogic dimensions of dissent” Democratization. 24.2 (May 2016), 305–324 and Mark Engler and Paul Engler This is an Uprising: How Non-Violent Revolt is Shaping the Twenty-First Century (New York, NY: Nation Books) 2016.

  7. 7.

    Kimberley Brownlee “Civil Disobedience” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2017 last modified Fall 2017 https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/.

  8. 8.

    Kimberley Brownlee “Civil Disobedience.”

  9. 9.

    John Rawls A Theory of Justice “”Definition and Justification of Civil Disobedience” in Civil Disobedience in Focus. Ed. H. A. Bedau (London: Routledge), 103–121.

  10. 10.

    J. Baird Callicott “Environmental Philosophy is Environmental Activism: The Most Radical and Effective Kind” in Beyond the Land Ethic (Albany, NY: SUNY Press) 1995, 27–43.

  11. 11.

    Kimberley Brownlee “Civil Disobedience,” 5.

  12. 12.

    John Berger “The Nature of Mass Demonstrations” in International Socialism 34 (Autumn 1968), 11–12.

  13. 13.

    Judith Butler, Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 154–192.

  14. 14.

    Maria Stephan and Erica Chenoweth “Why Civil Resistance Works” International Security 33.1 (Summer 2008), 7–44.

  15. 15.

    Hettinger “Environmental Disobedience.”

  16. 16.

    Hettinger “Environmental Disobedience,” 499.

  17. 17.

    Henry David Thoreau “Civil Disobedience” in Civil Disobedience in Focus, ed. H. A. Bedau (London: Routledge), 28–48.

  18. 18.

    Peter List “Some Philosophical Assessments of Environmental Disobedience.”

  19. 19.

    Carl Cohen Civil Disobedience: Conscience, Tactics, and the Law (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971).

  20. 20.

    Jennifer Welchman “Is Ecosabotage Civil Disobedience.”

  21. 21.

    Jennifer Welchman “Is Ecosabotage Civil Disobedience,” 105.

  22. 22.

    Jennifer Welchman “Is Ecosabotage Civil Disobedience,” 105.

  23. 23.

    Jennifer Welchman “Is Ecosabotage Civil Disobedience,” 105.

  24. 24.

    Michael Martin “Ecosabotage and Civil Disobedience.”

  25. 25.

    Michael Martin “Ecosabotage and Civil Disobedience,” 302.

  26. 26.

    Robert Young “‘Monkeywrenching’ and the Processes of Democracy,” 203.

  27. 27.

    Michael Martin “Ecosabotage and Civil Disobedience,” 301.

  28. 28.

    John Rawls A Theory of Justice “Definition and Justification of Civil Disobedience” in Civil Disobedience in Focus. Ed. H. A. Bedau (London: Routledge), 103–121.

  29. 29.

    Robert Young “‘Monkeywrenching’ and the Processes of Democracy” 208–209.

  30. 30.

    John Morreall “The Justifiability of Violent Civil Disobedience” in Civil Disobedience in Focus. Ed. H. A. Bedau (London: Routledge), 130–143.

  31. 31.

    Erica Von Essen “Environmental Disobedience and the dialogic dimensions of dissent,” 308–310.

  32. 32.

    Erica Von Essen “Environmental Disobedience and the dialogic dimensions of dissent,” 313.

  33. 33.

    Judith Butler, Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 154–192.

  34. 34.

    Jason Stanley How Propaganda Works (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015).

  35. 35.

    Mark Engler and Paul Engler This is an Uprising: How Non-Violent Revolt is Shaping the Twenty-First Century.

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Correspondence to James M. Dow .

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Dow, J.M. (2018). Environmental Civil Disobedience. In: Boonin, D. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Public Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93907-0_59

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