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Soil Microorganisms

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Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques

Abstract

Soils are discontinuous and heterogeneous ecosystems, with properties determined by environmental factors (i.e. climate, parent material, organisms and time factor). Different soils reflect the impact of the various factors involved in their genesis and, as their physicochemical characteristics shift in different axes (surface and subsurface horizons), variability exists from site to site, and within a given site varies in the range of micro niches. These peculiar characteristics convert/transform soils into a composite of very diverse ecosystems making its study very challenging, since very diverse communities may coexist in a very small scale of the same sample. Soil organisms include macro/megafauna, mesofauna, microfauna/flora, and although comprising less than 1% of the total mass of a soil, they play vital functional roles in supporting the soil ecosystem. This chapter presents different approaches to structurally and functionally characterize key soil microorganisms, namely bacteria, archaea, plant growth promoting bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizas and nematodes.

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Acknowledgements

J. Costa, R.S. Oliveira, Y. Ma acknowledge the support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants SFRH/BPD/112157/2015, SFRH/BPD/85008/2012 and SFRH/BPD/76028/2011, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) and Programa Operacional do Capital Humano (POCH). I. Tiago acknowledges an Investigator contract reference IF/01061/2014. This work was financed by Portuguese national funds through Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), Project 3599 – Promover a Produção Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Constituição de Redes Temáticas (3599-PPCDT) and Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016801 and by FCT under Project PTDC/AGR-TEC/1140/2014. This work was financed by the Interreg Sudoe programme through the European Regional Development Fund under Project PhytoSUDOE – SOE1/P5/E0189. J. Costa and P. Castro acknowledge the project ReNATURE - Valorization of the Natural Endogenous Resources of the Centro Region (Centro 2020, Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Joana Costa, Rui S. Oliveira, Igor Tiago, Ying Ma, Cristina Galhano, Helena Freitas & Paula Castro

  2. Department of Environmental Health, Research Centre on Health and Environment, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Rui S. Oliveira

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture – Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Cristina Galhano

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  1. Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

    Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras

  2. Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

    Manuel J. Reigosa

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Costa, J. et al. (2018). Soil Microorganisms. In: Sánchez-Moreiras, A., Reigosa, M. (eds) Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93233-0_27

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