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Mediastinal Pathologies

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Thoracic Ultrasound and Integrated Imaging

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Abstract

This chapter reviews the diagnostic reach, diagnostic yield, and current clinical value of ultrasound-derived techniques for the diagnosis of mediastinal pathologies. In addition to radiological imaging (computed tomography, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning), sonographic imaging including conventional transcutaneous ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and endobronchial ultrasound has gained utmost importance in thoracic medicine over recent years. International guidelines endorse endobronchial and endoesophageal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration techniques as the preferred mode of tissue sampling when staging non-small cell lung cancer and when evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Used in a complimentary approach, transcutaneous, endobronchial, and endoesophageal ultrasound facilitate sampling of virtually all mediastinal lymph node stations and of centrally located lung cancers.

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Acknowledgment

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Mrs. Eileen Mühsig, Dr. Uta Kerlikowski, Dr. Krisztina Zels, and Dr. Gunnar Schröder (Institute of Pathology Königs Wusterhausen, Germany) for excellent collaboration and for providing the cytological and histological images of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Department 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Christoph F. Dietrich

  2. John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK

    Nathan Atkinson

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Brandenburg “Theodor Fontane”, Neuruppin, Strausberg, Germany

    Christian Jenssen

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  1. Christoph F. Dietrich
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Correspondence to Christoph F. Dietrich .

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  1. Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Ausl della Romagna, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy

    Francesco Feletti

  2. Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Ausl di Ferrara, Ospedale Universitario di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Bruna Malta

  3. Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Aliverti

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Dietrich, C.F., Atkinson, N., Jenssen, C. (2020). Mediastinal Pathologies. In: Feletti, F., Malta, B., Aliverti, A. (eds) Thoracic Ultrasound and Integrated Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93055-8_8

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