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Ryukyu Islands, Japan

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Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 12))

Abstract

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) in Japan are currently only reported from the Ryukyu Islands and remain poorly known compared to shallow reefs in the region. MCEs in the Ryukyus were first examined in the 1960s and are among the earliest-studied MCEs globally. MCEs in the region support a high diversity of flora and fauna due to a combination of factors including the warm poleward-flowing Kuroshio Current, the complex geomorphology and diversity of habitats, and the proximity to the Coral Triangle. Recent research into the biology and ecology of mesophotic corals has examined questions such as ecological connectivity between mesophotic and shallow corals and revealed that several coral species span shallow to lower mesophotic depths (>60 m). Observations of reproduction in Seriatopora hystrix and Acropora tenella suggest that the propagule release period of both species is broadly synchronous in shallow and mesophotic corals, although the reproductive season is considerably shorter in mesophotic corals. MCEs in the Ryukyu Islands face stressors similar to shallow coral reefs such as climate change and rapid coastal development. However, the knowledge required to understand the response of MCEs to these threats is sparse. Despite evidence that at least some MCEs appear capable of recovering from disturbances (such as typhoons), investigations on how coastal development affects MCEs and how to mitigate threats to MCEs are urgently needed.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (No. 16H02490), (Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research) (No. 16KK0164) to SH, and Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) to FS (No. 17K15176) and MH (No. 16K17819) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and Sasakawa Scientific Research Grants from the Japan Science Society to FS (No. 24–748) and to RP (No. 27–749). We are grateful to Prof. Y. Iryu, Prof. H. Kayanne, Dr. V. Denis, and Dr. G. Eyal for their constructive comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

    Frederic Sinniger, Saki Harii & Rian Prasetia

  2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Marc Humblet

  3. Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan

    Yohei Nakamura

  4. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan

    Hideo Ohba

Authors
  1. Frederic Sinniger
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  2. Saki Harii
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  4. Yohei Nakamura
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  6. Rian Prasetia
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Correspondence to Frederic Sinniger or Saki Harii .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Yossi Loya

  2. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Kimberly A. Puglise

  3. Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Tom C.L. Bridge

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Sinniger, F., Harii, S., Humblet, M., Nakamura, Y., Ohba, H., Prasetia, R. (2019). Ryukyu Islands, Japan. In: Loya, Y., Puglise, K., Bridge, T. (eds) Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_13

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