Skip to main content

Open Surgery for Zenker Diverticulum

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Management of Zenker and Hypopharyngeal Diverticula

Abstract

Although endoscopic surgery for Zenker diverticulum (ZD) has gained popularity and is often effective, open surgery remains a reliable and, at times, preferable method of treatment for this condition. No research has definitively compared the two techniques, and thus no conclusions about superiority can be drawn. Retrospective reviews demonstrate that endoscopic procedures require less time in the operating room than open procedures but lead to a higher rate of symptom recurrence. Open surgery is more invasive, and planned entry into the hypopharyngeal lumen creates the potential for a salivary leak. Surgeons should be trained and comfortable with both endoscopic and open approaches. The patient and surgeon should have a thorough discussion of risks and benefits of each method, choosing the approach most appropriate for the individual patient. A detailed description of the authors’ open technique is outlined below.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hillel AT, Flint PW. Evolution of endoscopic surgical therapy for Zenker’s diverticulum. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:39–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Collard JM, Otte JB, Kestens PJ. Endoscopic stapling technique of esophagodiverticulostomy for Zenker’s diverticulum. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56:573–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Wirth D, Kern B, Guenin MO, Montali I, Peterli R, Ackermann C, von Flue M. Outcome and quality of life after open surgery versus endoscopic stapler-assisted esophagodiverticulostomy for Zenker’s diverticulum. Dis Esophagus. 2006;19:294–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Verdonck J, Morton RP. Systematic review on treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272:3095–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Yuan Y, Zhao YF, Hu Y, Chen LQ. Surgical treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum. Dig Surg. 2013;30:207–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Albers DV, Kondo A, Bernardo WM, Sakai P, Moura RN, Silva GL, Ide E, Tomishige T, de Moura EG. Endoscopic versus surgical approach in the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open. 2016;4:E678–86.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang CW, Burkey BB, Netterville JL, Courey MS, Garrett CG, Bayles SW. Carbon dioxide laser endoscopic diverticulotomy versus open diverticulectomy for Zenker’s diverticulum. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:519–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chang CY, Payyapilli RJ, Scher RL. Endoscopic staple diverticulostomy for Zenker’s diverticulum: review of literature and experience in 159 consecutive cases. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:957–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Counter PR, Hilton ML, Baldwin DL. Long-term follow-up of endoscopic stapled diverticulotomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2002;84:89–92.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Raut VV, Primrose WJ. Long-term results of endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy for pharyngeal pouches. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127:225–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Seth R, Rajasekaran K, Lee WT, et al. Patient reported outcomes in endoscopic and open transcervical treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum. Laryngoscope. 2014;124:119–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Schoeff S, Freeman M, Daniero J. Voice outcomes in surgical repair of Zenker’s diverticulum. Dysphagia. 2017;32:678–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Leung JM, Dzankic S. Relative importance of preoperative health status versus intraoperative factors in predicting postoperative adverse outcomes in geriatric surgical patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1080–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Turrentine FE, Wang H, Simpson VB, Jones RS. Surgical risk factors, morbidity, and mortality in elderly patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203:865–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bloom JD, Bleier BS, Mirza N, Chalian AA, Thaler ER. Factors predicting endoscopic exposure of Zenker’s diverticulum. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2010;119:736–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Koch M, Mantsopoulos K, Velegrakis S, Iro H, Zenk J. Endoscopic laser-assisted diverticulotomy versus open surgical approach in the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:2090–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rizzetto C, Zaninotto G, Costantini M, Bottin R, Finotti E, Zanatta L, Guirroli E, Ceolin M, Nicoletti L, Ruol A, Ancona E. Zenker’s diverticula: feasibility of a tailored approach based on diverticulum size. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:2057–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Cook RD, Huang PC, Richstmeier WJ, Scher RL. Endoscopic staple-assisted esophagodiverticulostomy: an excellent treatment of choice for Zenker’s diverticulum. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:2020–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Casso C, Lalam M, Ghosh S, Timms M. Endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy: an audit of difficulties, outcome, and patient satisfaction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:288–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Van Abel KM, Tombers NM, Krein KA, Moore EJ, Price DL, Kasperbauer JL, Hinni ML, Lott DG, Ekbom DC. Short-term quality-of-life outcomes following transoral diverticulotomy for Zenker’s Diverticulum: a prospective single-group study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 154:322-327.

    Google Scholar 

  21. van Overbeek JJ. Meditation on the pathogenesis of hypopharyngeal (Zenker’s) diverticulum and a report of endoscopic treatment in 545 patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1994;103:178–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Rubesin SE, Levine MS. Killian-Jamieson diverticula: radiographic findings in 16 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177:85–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim DC, Hwang JJ, Lee WS, Lee SA, Kim YH, Chee HK. Surgical treatment of Killian-Jamieson diverticulum. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;45:272–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Pinto JA, Marquis VB, de Godoy LB, Magri EN, Brunoro MV. Bilateral hypopharyngeal diverticulum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;141:144–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Clay B. Congenital lateral pharyngeal diverticulum. Br J Radiol. 1972;45:863–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Naunheim M, Langerman A. Pharyngoceles: a photo-anatomic study and novel management. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:1632–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Weisberg NK, Spengler DM, Netterville JL. Stretch-induced nerve injury as a cause of paralysis secondary to the anterior cervical approach. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;116:317–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Mantsopoulos K, Psychogios G, Kunzel J, Zenk J, Iro H, Koch M. Evaluation of the different transcervical approaches for Zenker diverticulum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;146:725–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Morton RP, Bartley JR. Inversion of Zenker’s diverticulum: the preferred option. Head Neck. 1993;15:253–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Greene CL, McFadden PM, Oh DS, Chang EJ, Hagen JA. Long-term outcome of the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;100:975–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Simic A, Radovanovic N, Stojakov D, Bjelović M, Kotarac M, Sabljak P, Skrobić O, Pesko P. Surgical experience of the national institution in the treatment of Zenker’s diverticula. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2009;56:25–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bowdler DA, Stell PM. Carcinoma arising in posterior pharyngeal pulsion diverticulum (Zenker’s diverticulum). Br J Surg. 1987;74:561–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Nanson EM. Carcinoma in a long-standing pharyngeal diverticulum. Br J Surg. 1976;63:417–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Feeley MA, Righi PD, Weisberger EC, Hamaker RC, Spahn TJ, Radpour S, Wynne MK. Zenker’s diverticulum: analysis of surgical complications from diverticulectomy and cricopharyngeal myotomy. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:858–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors have no relevant disclosures or declarations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Albert L. Merati .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Naunheim, M., Merati, A.L., Weissbrod, P.A. (2018). Open Surgery for Zenker Diverticulum. In: Scher, R., Myssiorek, D. (eds) Management of Zenker and Hypopharyngeal Diverticula. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92156-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92156-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92155-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92156-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics