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Epigenetics and Diet in Pregnancy

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Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

A good diet during pregnancy is essential for the well-being of the mother and the development of a healthy baby. There is evidence that long-term problems for the baby may arise when the mother’s nourishment is less than ideal. Epigenetic processes are proposed as a key mechanism by which maternal nutrition influences offspring’s life-long health. In this chapter, we consider the evidence supporting this hypothesis. We review the literature describing the effects of extreme under-nutrition in pregnancy on the offspring, through studies of the long-term effects of unexpected famine. We consider the effects of over-nutrition in pregnancy, addressing the long-term outcomes of maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy on the offspring. We describe the evidence for the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, as mediators of these effects. Finally, we suggest that paternal nutrition may also affect offspring outcomes through epigenetic changes in sperm and that these may affect the health of subsequent generations through the paternal lineage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of University of Edinburgh Biomedical Sciences Honours Students: Robyn Beaty, Lisa Hilferty, Claire Lynch, Lauren Murphy, Verna Palomurto, and Felicity Robinson. These students made a website: “The Vicious Cycle of Obesity: Do Epigenetics Play A Role?” over 8 weeks as part of their Reproductive Systems course of the following undergraduate students at the University of Edinburgh, supervised by Dr. Marian Aldhous. Some of the information contained therein was used in this manuscript.

http://2015.studentblogs.med.ed.ac.uk/reproductivesystems5/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tommy’s Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Marian C. Aldhous & Rebecca M. Reynolds

  2. Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Kahyee Hor

  3. Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Rebecca M. Reynolds

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  1. Marian C. Aldhous
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  2. Kahyee Hor
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  3. Rebecca M. Reynolds
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Correspondence to Rebecca M. Reynolds .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    Carol J. Lammi-Keefe

  2. Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Sarah C. Couch

  3. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    John P. Kirwan

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Aldhous, M.C., Hor, K., Reynolds, R.M. (2018). Epigenetics and Diet in Pregnancy. In: Lammi-Keefe, C., Couch, S., Kirwan, J. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90988-2_9

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