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Adenosine Receptors Regulate Bone Remodeling and Cartilage Physiology

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The Adenosine Receptors

Part of the book series: The Receptors ((REC,volume 34))

Abstract

Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes constant remodeling. Many intercellular messengers and cellular mechanisms regulate the rate and efficacy of bone remodeling, and disruption of this process can lead to such pathology as osteopenia and osteoporosis on one hand and osteopetrosis on the other. Results of recent studies indicate a central role for adenosine and its receptors in the control of bone and cartilage metabolism. Many studies using pharmacological and genetic approaches were performed in different laboratories in order to clarify the role, sometimes controversial, of adenosine in the skeletal system.

New bone formation during fractures or during development depends on differentiation and function of osteoblasts. Osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition are processes stimulated by A2A and A2B adenosine receptors (A2AR and A2BR). A2AR and A2BR also block the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, the multinucleated giant cells that mediate bone resorption. In contrast the A1 adenosine receptor plays a prominent role in osteoclast where it stimulates their activity in bone resorption. Moreover it has been shown recently from our laboratory and previously from others that adenosine receptor, through A2AR, exerts an important role in cartilage protection during mechanical stress, inflammation, and osteoarthritis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Carmen Corciulo, Natasha Irrera & Bruce Neil Cronstein

  2. Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Bruce Neil Cronstein

Authors
  1. Carmen Corciulo
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  2. Natasha Irrera
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  3. Bruce Neil Cronstein
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce Neil Cronstein .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Pier Andrea Borea

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Katia Varani

  3. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Gessi

  4. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Stefania Merighi

  5. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Fabrizio Vincenzi

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Corciulo, C., Irrera, N., Cronstein, B.N. (2018). Adenosine Receptors Regulate Bone Remodeling and Cartilage Physiology. In: Borea, P., Varani, K., Gessi, S., Merighi, S., Vincenzi, F. (eds) The Adenosine Receptors. The Receptors, vol 34. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90808-3_21

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