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Nystagmus and Nystagmoid Eye Movements

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Ocular oscillations are commonly encountered in clinical practice and can cause visual symptoms, such as oscillopsia, blurred vision, and difficulty reading. Nystagmus is an oscillatory movement of the eyes that is initiated by a slow phase movement. Nystagmus can have a jerk waveform with corrective quick phase movements or a pendular waveform with slow phase movements in both directions. Nystagmus can be congenital, as in infantile nystagmus syndrome, or acquired. Saccadic intrusions and oscillations, in contrast with nystagmus, are initiated by a saccadic eye movement that takes the eyes away from the visual target. Small infrequent saccadic intrusions can occur in normal humans, but frequent saccadic intrusions and saccadic oscillations mostly occur in the setting of neurologic disease. Most ocular oscillations can be accurately diagnosed on the basis of a thorough history and a systematic evaluation of the characteristics of the oscillations, although eye movement recordings are sometimes necessary for definitive diagnosis. In this chapter, the pathogenesis, clinical features, and common causes of congenital and acquired forms of nystagmus, saccadic intrusions, saccadic oscillations, and other nystagmoid eye movements are reviewed. Treatment approaches for the oscillations are also discussed, where relevant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Matthew J. Thurtell

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

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  1. Director, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Michael Chiang MD

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Thurtell, M.J. (2021). Nystagmus and Nystagmoid Eye Movements. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_284-1

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