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Melanocytomas

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Melanocytomas are intensely pigmented benign tumors, typically located on the optic disk and the anterior uvea, or more rarely, in the choroid. All types of melanocytomas have identical histological features, characterized by an intense cytoplasmic pigmentation, a low nucleocytoplasmic ratio, and a uniform size of cells and nuclei. Optic disk melanocytomas are typically located at the inferior or inferotemporal edge of the optic disk and, in many cases, infiltrate the adjacent choroid and/or the retina. Characteristics features are the dark, almost black color of the tumor and the feathery aspect of its margin in the case of invasion of the nerve fiber layer. Anterior uveal melanocytomas arise in the stroma of the iris or the ciliary body. When the tumor is visible in the anterior chamber, it appears as a dark brown lesion with a fine-granular surface. Choroidal melanocytomas are rarely reported tumors, clinically indistinguishable from choroidal nevi or choroidal melanomas.

Although the majority of the melanocytomas are asymptomatic and stable, all can grow, become necrotic, show pigment dispersion, and induce complications that may result in severe loss of vision. Albeit rare, all melanocytomas may undergo malignant transformation and therefore require lifelong follow-up.

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  1. Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Christina Stathopoulos & Leonidas Zografos

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  1. Christina Stathopoulos
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  2. Leonidas Zografos
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Correspondence to Christina Stathopoulos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. No affiliation provided

    Joan Marie O’Brien

  2. No affiliation provided

    Evangelos S. Gragoudas

  3. No affiliation provided

    Dan Gombos

  4. No affiliation provided

    Mary Aronow

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Stathopoulos, C., Zografos, L. (2021). Melanocytomas. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_254-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_254-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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