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Diabetic Macular Edema

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the most common cause of vision loss among diabetic patients in developed countries. Optimization of systemic factors, such as glycemic control, blood pressure, and blood lipids, are important for all diabetic patients and can improve DME-related outcomes. Over the past decade, intravitreal pharmacologic therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for DME has been firmly established as first-line treatment for most eyes with visual impairment from center-involved DME. This has been established through multiple large, randomized controlled trials. Macular focal/grid laser photocoagulation according to the guidelines of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) and intravitreal corticosteroid therapy remain useful tools for DME treatment in selected eyes. Vitrectomy surgery can alleviate mechanical traction and reduce abnormal retinal thickening in eyes with DME caused by an epiretinal membrane or tight posterior hyaloid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Jennifer K. Sun & Lloyd Paul Aiello

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jennifer K. Sun & Lloyd Paul Aiello

Authors
  1. Jennifer K. Sun
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  2. Lloyd Paul Aiello
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Correspondence to Jennifer K. Sun .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ivana Kim

  2. Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States

    Yoshihiro Yonekawa

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Sun, J.K., Aiello, L.P. (2021). Diabetic Macular Edema. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_25-1

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