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Retinal Manifestations of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Rheumatologic disorders including the arthritides, the connective tissue diseases, and the vasculitides are a collection of inflammatory diseases that are typically multisystemic with protean manifestations. It is not uncommon for the eyes to be involved in many of these rheumatologic syndromes; indeed, many of these diseases either involve the eye primarily or present initially in the eye and can precede the involvement of other organ systems by several years. The retina and choroid may be affected primarily as a result of retinal or choroidal vasculitis. Retinal ischemia, cotton wool spots, intraretinal hemorrhages, retinal edema, and retinal vasculitis are the typical findings in many of these diseases. Posterior scleritis may result in secondary chorioretinal involvement as well. Therefore, ophthalmologists should be aware of the association between ocular inflammation and the various rheumatologic disorders. A careful review of systems and general physical examination should be performed to ascertain systemic involvement as the prognosis for many of these vision- and life-threatening disorders depends on accurate diagnosis and the institution of appropriate therapy. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents remain the mainstays of therapy at the present time. As such, the rheumatic diseases are best managed by a multidisciplinary approach, not infrequently negotiated by the ophthalmologist and the temper of the eye.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Wendy M. Smith

  2. Medical Retina, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Heba T. Rihani

Authors
  1. Wendy M. Smith
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  2. Heba T. Rihani
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Correspondence to Wendy M. Smith .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Ophthalmology, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel Albert

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Ophthalmology, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucia Sobrin

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Smith, W.M., Rihani, H.T. (2020). Retinal Manifestations of the Rheumatic Diseases. In: Albert, D., Miller, J., Azar, D., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_16-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_16-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90495-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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