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Methods of Intellectual Concept Formation

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Abstract

With reference to modern anthropology, the text argues why the selected lemmata/keywords for the encyclopedia should cover the areas of labor, politics, ethics, education, art, and religion. The text also explains how the encyclopedia should include the three modalities of concept formation in the humanities: understanding, interpretation, and application. The understanding seeks to reconstruct methodically what generates, characterizes, and regulates the interpreted phenomenon. The process of interpretation construes the self-perception either immanently or according to certain criteria. With regard to application, the criteria reflect scientific domains and in relation to successful action/a well-balanced course of action.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wilhelm Dilthey, Die geistige Welt. Erste Hälfte: Abhandlungen zur Grundlegung der Geisteswissenschaften, published by Georg Misch (Gesammelte Schriften Bd. V), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1982, p. 27.

  2. 2.

    Wilhelm Dilthey, Introduction to the Human Sciences. Selected Works Volume 1, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989, p. 268.

  3. 3.

    Wilhelm Dilthey, The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences. Selected Works Volume III, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002, p. 213.

  4. 4.

    Heinrich Rickert, Grundprobleme der Philosophie. Methodologie – Ontologie – Anthropologie, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck Verlag, 1934, p. V.

  5. 5.

    Ibid., p. 10.

  6. 6.

    Ibid., p. VI; Cf. Ibid., p. 160.

  7. 7.

    Jürgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997, p. 107 (German original: Idem, Faktizität und Geltung. Beiträge zur Diskurstheorie des Rechts und des demokratischen Rechtsstaats,, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1994 (4th Edition), p. 138).

  8. 8.

    Ibid., p. 158 (German: Ibid., p.196).

  9. 9.

    Ibid., p. 107 (German: Ibid., p.138).

  10. 10.

    Ibid., p. 108 (German: Ibid., p. 139).

  11. 11.

    Ibid., p. 3f (German: Ibid., p. 17f).

  12. 12.

    Ibid., p. 4 (German: Ibid., p. 18).

  13. 13.

    Ibid., p. 162 (German: Ibid., p. 200).

  14. 14.

    Ibid., p. 458 (German: Ibid., p. 674).

  15. 15.

    Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press 1996, p. 94 (German edition: Idem, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, Stuttgart: Reclam 1983, p. 128).

  16. 16.

    Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason and other Works on the Theory of Ethics, Bombay/London/ New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1898 (5th edition), p. 148 (German edition: Idem, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, Stuttgart: Reclam, 1986, p. 95).

  17. 17.

    Immanuel Kant, The Metaphysic of Ethics, Edinburgh: T&T Clark 1886 (3rd edition), p. 68 (German edition: Idem, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, Stuttgart: Reclam, 1984, p. 116f).

  18. 18.

    Ibid., p. 6f (German: Ibid., p. 32f).

  19. 19.

    The term “paradigm” is not meant here in the strict sense used by Kuhn, but instead—as is generally the case—describes a fundamental reorientation or self-definition of the field; in pedagogy, for instance, the empirical turn. In German studies, that means the shift from literary to cultural studies; in history, it is the transition from event-based and personal history to social and structural history, and in philosophy it is the linguistic turn. Thus the question is whether the global turn does, must or should lead to a redefinition of an area of activity.

  20. 20.

    Heinrich Rickert, Grundprobleme der Philosophie. Methodologie – Ontologie – Anthropologie, op. cit., p. VI; Cf. Ibid., p. 19.

  21. 21.

    Ibid., p. 146.

  22. 22.

    Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1975, p. 26.

  23. 23.

    Arnold Gehlen, Man, His Nature and Place in the World, New York: Columbia University Press 1988, p. 28 (German original: Idem, Der Mensch. Seine Natur und seine Stellung in der Welt, Wiesbaden: Aula-Verlag, 1986 (13th edition), p. 36).

  24. 24.

    Ibid., p. 16 (German: Ibid., p. 23).

  25. 25.

    Ibid., p. 10 (German: Ibid., p. 17.); Cf. Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, op. cit., p. 316.

  26. 26.

    Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, op. cit., p. 316.

  27. 27.

    Arnold Gehlen, Man. His Nature and Place in the World, op. cit., p. 130 (German version: Idem, Der Mensch. Seine Natur und seine Stellung in der Welt, op. cit., p. 142); Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, op. cit., p. 339.

  28. 28.

    Arnold Gehlen, Man, His Nature and Place in the World, op. cit. p. 267.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., p. 131 (German: Ibid., p. 143).

  30. 30.

    Ibid., p. 171 (German: Ibid., p. 185).

  31. 31.

    Ibid., p. 316 (German: Ibid., p. 325); cf. Heinrich Rickert, Grundprobleme der Philosophie. Methodologie – Ontologie – Anthropologie, op. cit., p. VI, cf. Gehlen, Man, His Nature and Place in the world pp. 176f., p. 185.

  32. 32.

    Helmuth Plessner, Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, op. cit., p. 317.

  33. 33.

    Immanuel Kant, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press 1996, p. 92 (German edition: Idem, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, op. cit., p. 126).

  34. 34.

    Ibid., p. 193 (German: Ibid., p. 228).

  35. 35.

    Heinrich Rickert, Grundprobleme der Philosophie. Methodologie – Ontologie – Anthropologie, op. cit., p. VI; Cf. Ibid., p. 150.

  36. 36.

    Ibid., p. VI, p. 188.

  37. 37.

    Ibid., p. VI, p. 189f.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., p. VI, p. 197.

  39. 39.

    Ibid., p. VI, p. 213.

  40. 40.

    Jürgen Habermas, Arbeit und Interaktion, in: Jürgen Habermas, Technik und Wissenschaft als‚ Ideologieʼ, Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp, 1968, pp. 9–47.

  41. 41.

    Eugen Fink, Grundphänomene des menschlichen Daseins, Munich: Karl Alber, 1979.

  42. 42.

    Dietrich Benner, Allgemeine Pädagogik. Eine systematisch-problemgeschichtliche Einführung in die Grundstruktur pädagogischen Denkens und Handelns. Weinheim: Juventa-Verlag, 2010 (6th revised edition).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Historic and Systematic Pedagogics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Volker Ladenthin

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  1. Volker Ladenthin
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  1. Political Science, University of Bonn/Center for European Integration Studies (ZEI), Bonn, Germany

    Ludger Kühnhardt

  2. Political Science, History of Ideas and Contemporary History, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Tilman Mayer

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Ladenthin, V. (2019). Methods of Intellectual Concept Formation. In: Kühnhardt, L., Mayer, T. (eds) The Bonn Handbook of Globality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90377-4_3

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