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Comparative Perspectives on the Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination Law

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 28))

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Abstract

This chapter describes and assesses the enforcement of anti-discrimination law at the level of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) where Article 14 constitutes the central provision prohibiting discrimination and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is the main interpreter. Enforcement of the ECtHR judgments is done—somewhat problematically—by a political body, the Committee of Ministers. More recently the ECtHR has become more involved in the enforcement process via a number of mechanisms and interpretations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See on this expression: O’Connell (2009), p. 211.

  2. 2.

    Resolution Res (2004) 3 of the Committee of Ministers on judgments revealing an underlying systemic problem (adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 12 May 2004, at its 114th Session), accessible at: https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016805dd190.

  3. 3.

    See more in detail on this point: Sicilianos (2014), pp. 285–315.

  4. 4.

    See e.g. Parliamentary Assembly Resolutions 1516 (2006), 1787 (2011), 1955 (2011) and 2075 (2015) on the implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights.

  5. 5.

    D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic [GC], Application no. 57325/00, 13 November 2007.

  6. 6.

    Sampanis and Others v. Greece, Application no. 32526/05, 5 June 2008 and Sampani and Others v. Greece, Application no. 59608/09, 11 December 2012.

  7. 7.

    Oršuš and Others v. Croatia [GC], Application no. 15766/03, 16 March 2010.

  8. 8.

    Horváth and Kiss v. Hungary, Application no. 11146/11, 29 January 2013.

  9. 9.

    See e.g. Petropoulou-Tsakiris v. Greece, Application no. 44803/04, 6 December 2007 and Stoica v. Romania, Application no. 42722/02, 4 March 2008.

  10. 10.

    See e.g. Šečič v. Croatia, Application no. 40116/02, 31 May 2009 and Abdu v. Bulgaria, Application no. 26827/08, 11 March 2014.

  11. 11.

    Sampani and Others v. Greece, Application no. 59608/09, 11 December 2012, para. 128.

  12. 12.

    See for more details on these infra at point 8.

  13. 13.

    See e.g. the Monitoring Handbook issued in 2011: https://ecthrproject.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/monitoringhandbook_calibruch1.pdf.

  14. 14.

    D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic [GC], Application no. 57325/00, 13 November 2007.

  15. 15.

    See: https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/european-commission-targets-slovakia-over-roma-school-discrimination; https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/brussels-takes-action-against-czech-republic-over-roma-school-discrimination and http://www.equineteurope.org/European-Commission-targets-school-segregation-of-Roma-children-in-Hungary-with.

  16. 16.

    Moldovan and Others v. Romania (No. 2), Applications no. 41138/98 and 64320/01, 12 July 2005.

  17. 17.

    Kalanyos and Others v. Romania, Application no. 57884/00, 26 April 2007; Tanase and Others v. Romania, Application no. 62954/00, 26 May 2009.

  18. 18.

    Moldovan and Others v. Romania (No. 1), Applications no. 41138/98 and 64320/01, 12 July 2005.

  19. 19.

    Lăcătuş and Others v. Romania, Application no. 12694/04, 13 November 2012.

  20. 20.

    8th Annual Report of the Committee of Ministers, Supervision of the Execution of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, 2014, p. 188, available at: http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/execution/Source/Publications/CM_annreport2014_en.pdf.

  21. 21.

    See in this sense Arnardóttir (2015), pp. 224–225.

  22. 22.

    See e.g. Thlimmenos v. Greece, Application no. 34369/97, 6 April 2000 and Zarb Adami v. Malta, Application no. 17209/02, 20 June 2006.

  23. 23.

    D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic [GC], Application no. 57325/00, 13 November 2007.

  24. 24.

    Identoba and Others v. Georgia, Application no. 73235/12, 12 May 2015.

  25. 25.

    Kiyutin v. Russia, Application no. 10 March 2011.

  26. 26.

    Fabris v. France [GC], Application no. 16574/08, 7 February 2013.

  27. 27.

    Danilenkov v. Russia, Application no. 67336/01, 30 July 2009.

  28. 28.

    Petrov v. Bulgaria, Application no. 15197/02, 22 May 2008.

  29. 29.

    Zickus v. Lithuania, Application no. 26652/02, 7 April 2009.

  30. 30.

    The one exception being Schwizgebel v. Switzerland, Application no. 25762/07, 10 June 2010 where the ECtHR nevertheless found no violation.

  31. 31.

    Paraskeva Todorova v. Bulgaria, Application no. 37193/07, 25 March 2010.

  32. 32.

    See e.g. Mazurek v. France, Application no. 34496/07, 1 February 2000 and Fabris v. France [GC], Application no. 16574/08, 7 February 2013.

  33. 33.

    See supra points 7 and 8.

  34. 34.

    See http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/execution/Reports/pendingCases_en.asp?CaseTitleOrNumber=&StateCode=ROM&SectionCode=.

  35. 35.

    Barbu Anghelescu v. Romania (No. 1), Application no. 46430/99, 5 October 2004.

  36. 36.

    See the 8th Report by Mr. Klaas de Vries on the implementation of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, Doc. 13864 | 09 September 2015, available at: http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=22005&lang=en.

References

  • Arnardóttir OM (2015) Cross-fertilization, clarity and consistency at an overburdened European Court of Human Rights—the case of the discrimination grounds under Article 14. Nordic J Hum Rights 33(3):224–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell R (2009) Cinderella comes to the ball: Art. 14 and the right to non-discrimination in the ECHR. Leg Stud 29:211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sicilianos LA (2014) The role of the European Court of Human Rights in the execution of its own judgments: reflections on Article 46 ECHR. In: Seibert-Fohr A, Villiger ME (eds) Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights—effects and implementation. Nomos, Baden Baden, pp 285–315

    Google Scholar 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Legal Studies, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary

    Mathias Möschel

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  1. Mathias Möschel
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Correspondence to Mathias Möschel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sciences Po Law School, Paris, France

    Marie Mercat-Bruns

  2. Berkeley Law, Berkeley, California, USA

    David B. Oppenheimer

  3. Berkeley Law, Berkeley, California, USA

    Cady Sartorius

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Möschel, M. (2018). European Convention of Human Rights/Council of Europe. In: Mercat-Bruns, M., Oppenheimer, D., Sartorius, C. (eds) Comparative Perspectives on the Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination Law. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90068-1_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90068-1_29

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90068-1

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