Skip to main content

‘Movies That Exist Merely to Tell Entertaining Lies’?: Biography on Film

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Biography and History in Film

Abstract

This collection of essays aims to fill a sizable gap in the growing literature on history and film but looking exclusively at biographical films. The approach of the editors and contributors to this volume is to examine films as biographical documents. We define a biographical document as a work – in any medium – which presents the life, or aspects of the life of a prominent or historic figure. The difference between a biographical document and a biography is that the former may legitimately mix fact and fiction but the latter may not. In this volume, a number of biographical films made between 1936 and 2013 are analysed as examples of biographical films. The authors of these chapters examine the topics essential to the assessment of any biographical document: who created it, why it was created, and the full historical and cultural contexts in which it was created. The inaccuracies in these films are also discussed as they affect the impact of a biographical film, especially on popular perceptions of the film’s subject and they also often cast light on the motives behind the production of the film.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Ambrosius, L. E. 2004. Writing Biography: Historians and Their Craft. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Badger, Tony. 1996. ‘The New Deal Without FDR: What Biographies of Roosevelt Cannot Tell Us’, in T. C. W. Blanning and David Cannadine (eds.), History and Biography: Essays in Honour of Derek Beales, pp. 243–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banner, L. W. 2009. ‘Biography as History’, American Historical Review, 114 (2009), pp. 579–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beales, D. 1996. ‘History and Biography: An Inaugural Lecture’, in T. C. W. Blanning and David Cannadine (eds.), History and Biography: Essays in Honour of Derek Beales, pp. 266–83. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behlmer, R. (ed.). 1986. Inside Warner Bros. (1935–1941). London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, B. 2010. Whose Lives Are They Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanning, T. C. W., and Cannadine, David (eds.). 1996. History and Biography: Essays in Honour of Derek Beales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braudel, F. 1949. La Mediterranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II. Paris: Armand Colin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briley, R. F. 1998. ‘The Study Guide Amistad: A Lasting Legacy’, The History Teacher 31 (1998), pp. 390–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T., and Vidal, Belén, eds. 2014. The Biopic in Contemporary Film Culture. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgoyne, R. 2008. The Hollywood Historical Film. Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. 1990. The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929–89. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrow, J. 2009. A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caine, B. 2010. Biography and History. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cannadine, D. 2004. ‘From Biography to History: Writing the Modern British Monarchy’, Historical Research 77 (2004), pp. 289–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnes, M. (ed.). 1995. Past Imperfect: History According to the Movies. New York: Henry Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnes, M. 2004. ‘Shooting (Down) the Past: Historians vs. Hollywood’, Cinéaste 29 (2004), p. 47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caro, R. A. 1982–2012. The Years of Lyndon Johnson, 4 Vols. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. H. 2001. What Is History? Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheshire, E. 2015. Bio-pics: A Life in Pictures. London and New York: Wallflower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Custen, G. F. 1992. Bio/pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darnton, R. 1984. The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doherty, T. 2000. ‘Malcolm X in Print, on Screen’, Biography 23 (2000), pp. 29–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doran, S., and Freeman, T. S. 2009. Tudors and Stuarts on Film. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd, M. 1999, ‘Forest Gump Biography’, The New York Times, 22 September. Accessed at www.nytimes.com/1999/09/22/opinion/liberties-forrest-gump-biography.html.

  • Eldridge, D. 2006. Hollywood’s History Films. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, M. 2017. Charlton Heston: Hollywood’s Last Icon. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elton, G. R. 1969. The Practice of History. London: Fontana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foner, E. 1997. ‘Hollywood Invades the Classroom’, New York Times, 20 December. Accessed at www.nytimes.com/1997/12/20/opinion/hollywood-invades-the-classroom.html.

  • France, P., and St. Clair, William (eds.). 2002. Mapping Lives: The Uses of Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, A. 2000. ‘The Value of Biography in History’, The Historian 66 (2000), pp. 4–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, J. 2004. Close Up: An Actor Telling Tales. London: Oberon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, T. S. 2009. ‘It’s Only a Movie!’ in S. Doran and T. S. Freeman (eds.), Tudors and Stuarts on Film, pp. 1–28. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallman, J. Matthew. 2003. Journal of American History 90 (2003), pp. 1124–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, M. 1971–1988. Winston S. Churchill, 6 Vols. London: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellbeck, J. 2009. ‘Galaxy of Black Stars: The Power of Soviet Biography’, American Historical Review 114 (2009), pp. 615–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henkins, D. 2003. American Historical Review 108 (2003), pp. 620–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herlihy, D. 1988. ‘Am I a Camera? Other Reflections on Film and History’, American Historical Review 93 (1988), pp. 1186–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes-Warrington, M. 2006. History Goes to the Movies: Studying History on Film. London and New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hutton, R. 2009. ‘Why Don’t the Stuarts Get Filmed?’ in S. Doran and T. S. Freeman (eds.), Tudors and Stuarts on Film, pp. 246–58. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvie, I. 1978. ‘Seeing Through Movies’, Philosophy of the Social Sciences 8 (1978), pp. 374–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova, L. 2006. History in Practice. London: Hodder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakutani, M. 1999. ‘A Biographer Who Claims a License to Blur Reality’, The New York Times, 2 October 1999. Accessed at www.nytimes.com/1999/10/02/books/critic-s-notebook-a-biographer-who-claims-a-license-to-blur-reality.html.

  • Kershaw, I. 1998. Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, I. 2001. Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kershaw, I. 2004. ‘The Past and the Box: Strengths and Weaknesses’, in D. Cannadine (ed.), History and the Media, pp. 118–23. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leckie, S.A. 2004. ‘Biography Matters: Why Historians Need Well-Crafted Biographies More Than Ever’, in L. E. Ambrosius (ed.), Writing Biography: Historians and Their Craft, pp. 1–26. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H. 2009. Biography: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, D. 2003. ‘Clueless: About History’, in S. R. Pucci and J. Thompson (eds.), Jane Austen and Co.: Remaking the Past in Contemporary Culture, pp. 71–92. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, C. 1998. ‘Braveheart and the Scottish Aesthetic Dementia’, in T. Barta (ed.), Screening the Past: Film and the Representation of History, pp. 168–87. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, C. 2003. Brigadoon, Braveheart and the Scots: Distortions of Scotland in Hollywood Cinema. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. 1875–1880. The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, 5 Vols. London: Smith, Elder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, D. K. 1932. The Development of American Biography. Portland, ME: Southworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, E. 1999. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasaw, D. 2009. ‘History and Biography: Introduction’, American Historical Review 114 (2009), pp. 573–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson, H. 1927. The Development of English Biography. London: Hogarth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, J. 1990. ‘Introduction’, in J. O’Connor (ed.), Image as Artifact: The Historical Analysis of Film and Television, pp. 1–9. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Kreiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitch, A. 2004. The Bolsheviks Come to Power. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rollyson, C. 2004. Reading Biography. Lincoln, NE: Universe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, P. 2004. ‘The Politics of Gladiator’, in Martin W. Winkler (ed.), Gladiator: Film and History, pp. 150–72. Maldon, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstone, R. A. 1995. Visions of the Past: The Challenge of Film to the Idea of History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstone, R. A. 2007. ‘In Praise of the Biopic’, in Richard V. Francaviglia, Jerry Rodnitzky, and Peter C. Rollins (eds.), Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film, pp. 11–29. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstone, R. A. 2018. History on Film/Film on History, 3rd edition. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobchack, V. 1990. ‘“Surge and Splendor”: A Phenomenology of the Hollywood Historical Epic’, Representations 29 (1990), pp. 24–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobchack, V. 1996. ‘Introduction: History Happens’, in V. Sobchack (ed.), The Persistence of History: Cinema, Television and the Modern Event, pp. 1–14. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorlin, P. 1990. ‘Historical Films as Tools for Historians’, in John E. O’Connor (ed.), Image as Artifact: The Historical Analysis of Film and Television, pp. 42–68. Malabar. FL: Robert E. Kreiger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoianovich, T. 1976. French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, B. 2009. ‘Separations of Soul: Solitude, Biography, History’, American Historical Review, 114 (2009), pp. 640–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K. 2005. Changing Conceptions of National Biography: The Oxford DNB in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Toplin, R. B. 1988. ‘The Filmmaker as Historian’, American Historical Review 93 (1988), pp. 1210–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toplin, R. B. 2002. Reel History: In Defense of Hollywood. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toplin, R. B. 2007. ‘In Defense of the Filmmakers’, in P. V. Francaviglia, J. Rodnitzky, and P. C. Rollins (eds.), Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film, pp. 113–36. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toplin, R. B. 2009. History by Hollywood, 2nd edition. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosh, J. 2015. The Pursuit of History: Aims, Methods and New Directions in the Study of History. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevor-Roper, H. R. 1940. Archbishop Laud. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh, J. 2005. ‘Musical Biography and Film: John Tibbetts Interviewed by Jim Welsh’, Film and History 35 (2005), p. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. 1975. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. 1978. Tropics of Discourse: Essays on Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. 1987. The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wineburg, S. 2001. Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas S. Freeman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Freeman, T.S., Smith, D.L. (2019). ‘Movies That Exist Merely to Tell Entertaining Lies’?: Biography on Film. In: Freeman, T., Smith, D. (eds) Biography and History in Film. Palgrave Studies in the History of the Media. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89408-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89408-9_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89407-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89408-9

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics