Skip to main content

Attitudes Toward Apparel Mass Customization: Canadian Consumer Segmented by Lifestyle and Demographics

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Customization 4.0

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics ((SPBE))

  • 3422 Accesses

Abstract

The widespread of the Internet and mobile applications among consumers made it possible for them to access markets otherwise inaccessible. Manufacturers became able to reach consumers directly, thus reshaping their shopping experience. Technological advances in apparel manufacturing and e-commerce made apparel mass customization available to consumers online.

Online clothing sales are rising in Canada and the USA, and so is the trend of customizing and personalizing products. However, relevant studies on consumer attitude and adoption and lifestyle segmentation are very limited in general and missing the Canadian market. Moreover, none included dress social tendency as segment.

This qualitative study is the first to explore the uptake of apparel mass customization online by Canadian consumers and identifies its ideal target market using multilayer consumer segmentation. This multilayer segmentation is also the first to apply the dress social tendency theory in conjunction with clothes shopping behaviour and demographic data that includes body mass index (BMI).

Data collection methods include an interview and a questionnaire. The sample consists of thirteen (13) participants, aged 21–65, 8 females and 5 males, from various cultural backgrounds, all residents of Ottawa, Canada’s capital.

This study provides Canadian consumer attitudes toward apparel mass customization and identifies characteristics of its ideal target market. Its methodology and findings contribute as the basis for a large-scale quantitative study applicable to various global markets including that of Canada. The findings would be of interest to apparel mass customization management and marketing executives and user experience researchers and designers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Statistics Canada Webpage: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-010-x/99-010-x2011001-eng.cfm#a1. Last accessed: 2017/06/30

  2. Statistics Canada Webpage: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/151216/dq151216e-eng.htm?HPA. Last accessed: 2017/06/30

  3. World Population View Webpage: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/canada-population/. Last accessed: 2017/09/26

  4. Hopman, W.M., Leroux, C., Berger, C., Joseph, L., Barr, S.I., Prior, J.C.: Changes in body mass index in Canadians over a five-year period: results of a prospective, population-based. BMC Public Health. 7(9), 150 (2007). http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/10.1186/1471-2458-7-150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Statistics Canada Webpage: http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1170005&pattern=&csid=. Last accessed: 2017/06/30

  6. Statistics Canada Webpage: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/140708/dq140708b-eng.htm. Last accessed: 2017/06/30

  7. Walcher, D., Piller, F.T.: The customization 500: an International Benchmark Study on Mass Customization and Personalization in Consumer E-Commerce. FHS, School Of Design + Product Management, Salzburg (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kamali, N., Loker, S.: Mass customization: on-line consumer involvement in product design. J. Comput.-Mediat. Commun. 7(0), (2002). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2002.tb00155.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee, H., Damhorst, M.L., Campbell, J.R., Loker, S., Parsons, J.L.: Consumer satisfaction with a mass customized internet apparel shopping site. Int. J. Consum. Stud. 35(3), 316–329 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00932.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ulrich, P.V., Jo Anderson-Connell, L., Wu, W.: Consumer co-design of apparel for mass customization. J Fash. Mark. Manag. Int. J. 7(4), 398–412 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020310496985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Franke, N., Schreier, M., Kaiser, U.: The “I designed it myself” effect in mass customization. Manag. Sci. 56(1), 125–140 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1090.1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Al-Mousa, A.O.: Apparel Mass Customization: Viability for Saudi Arabian Female Consumers. Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ou, Y.: Apparel mass customization: perception of young Chinese consumers. Unpublished Master Dissertation, University of North Carolina, North Carolina (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cho, H., Wang, Y.: Cultural comparison for the acceptance of online apparel customization. J. Consum. Mark. 27(6), 550–557 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Park, J., Nam, Y., Choi, K., Lee, Y., Lee, K.: Apparel consumers’ body type and their shopping characteristics. J. Fash. Mark. Manag. 13(3), 372–393 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Spaulding E., Perry C.: Making it Personal: Rules for Success in Product Customization. Bain & Company Inc. (2013). http://www.bain.com/Images/BAIN_BRIEF_Making_it_personal.pdf. Last accessed: 2014/08/29

  17. Cho, H., Fiorito, S.S.: Acceptance of online customization for apparel shopping. Int. J. Retail Distrib. Manag. 37(5), 389–407 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550910954892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Larsson, J.: Consumer perspective on mass-customized knitwear. Fash. Pract. 4(2), 177–196 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bernard, M.: Fashion the Theory: an Introduction. Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, London/New York (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Giles, H., Giles J., Kurylo, A. (eds.): Inter/Cultural Communication: Representation and Construction of Culture. Ingroups and Outgroups. Part II Chapter 7, pp. 141–162. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kim, H., Hong, H.: Fashion leadership and hedonic shopping motivations of female consumers. Cloth. Text. Res. J. 29(4), 314–330 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Lee, J., Lee, Y., Lee, Y.-J.: Do customization programs of E-commerce companies lead to better relationship with consumers? Electron. Commer. Res. Appl. 1–13 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2011.10.004

  23. Sindicich, D., Black, C.: An assessment of fit and sizing of men’s business clothing. J Fash. Mark. Manag. Int. J. 15(4), 446–463 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1108/13612021111169942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sullivan, P., Kang, J., Heitmeyer, J.: Fashion involvement and experiential value: Gen Y retail apparel patronage. Int. Rev. Retail Distrib. Consum. Res. 22(5), 459–483 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chattaraman, V., Simmons, K.P., Ulrich, P.V.: Age, body size, body image, and fit preferences of male consumers. Cloth. Text. Res. J. 31(4), 291–305 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Frith, H., Gleeson, K.: Clothing and embodiment: men managing body image and appearance. Psychol. Men Masculinity. 5(1), 40 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rudd, N.A., Lennon, S.J.: Body image and appearance-management behaviors in college women. Cloth. Text. Res. J. 18(3), 152–162 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X0001800304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tiggemann, M., Rachel, A.: Clothing choices, weight, and trait self-objectification. Body Image. 9(3), 409–412 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Health Canada Government of Canada Webpage: http://hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/nutrition/weights-poids/guide-ld-adult/bmi_Chart_java-graph_imc_java-eng.php. Last accessed 2015/03/21

  30. Sindicich, D K.: Interest and needs in men’s business clothing (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M.: Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Edwards, A.L.: Techniques of Attitude Scale Construction. Appleton-Century Crofts Inc., New York (1957). http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4120140;view=1up;seq=9

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. Curedale, R.: Design Research Methods: 150 Ways to Inform Design, 1st edn. Topanga, Design Community College (2013)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The author would like to acknowledge Carleton University and the School of Industrial Design, Faculty of Engineering and Design, for providing guidance and resources throughout this master’s research. Thanks to all the participants for their contribution and feedback.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hala Hawa .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Hawa, H. (2018). Attitudes Toward Apparel Mass Customization: Canadian Consumer Segmented by Lifestyle and Demographics. In: Hankammer, S., Nielsen, K., Piller, F., Schuh, G., Wang, N. (eds) Customization 4.0. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77556-2_43

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics