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Paleogene Stratigraphy of India: An Overview

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The Indian Paleogene

Part of the book series: Society of Earth Scientists Series ((SESS))

Abstract

The Paleogene stratigraphic record in India left imprint with many clues towards understanding the global and Indian plate events. The KTB and the beginning of the Paleogene is heralded by the Deccan volcanism, which is considered to be the main killer responsible for mass extension. Towards the end of the Paleogene there was a global drop in sea-level and major hiatus which left marks in the Indian basins. Within the limits of the Paleogene a number of major geological events are recognizable. They are: (1) Maximum flooding during zones P4/P5 (Late Paleocene), (2) Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxima (PETM), the impacts of which are not fully explored in Indian strata, (3) Late Paleocene-Early Eocene sedimentary succession of India occupies an important position as a major source rocks and to a lesser extent reservoirs of hydrocarbons. Case examples are: (a) Bombay Offshore Panna Formation deposited in several cycles in a marginal marine setup, (b) Facies comparable to the Panna Formation extended up to Kerala-Konkan basin where these are referred to Kasargod Formation. (c) Cambay Basin: Olpad/Cambay Shale deposited in lacustrine to marginal marine environment is the source for the sandstone reservoir in several fields, (d) Tura Formation in NE Region, (4) Zone P13 (Middle Eocene) maximum flooding surface recognizable and valuable in correlation, (5) Himalayan orogenic movement-I (41.3–42 Ma), (6) Late Eocene drop in sea-level left record in several basins except in Cambay Basin and NE Indian basin where there was sea-level rise due to local tectonic subsidence greater than sea-level drop, (7) drop in paleotemperatures during the Early Oligocene documented globally and in the Kutch basin. (8) Extinctions close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary and top of the Eocene. Further studies by Research scholars require access to deep well samples of the ONGC and other oil companies. Lithostratigraphy of Paleogene strata of India from exposures and subsurfaces, paleoshelfs and bathyal settings is well recognized/established. All the formations are briefly described and further references are being provided for more detailed account. Sedimentary basins covered in this paper include: Himalayan foreland, NE Region, Andaman, West Bengal, Mumbai offshore, Cambay, Kutch and Jaisalmer basins. Preserved record in exposed sections is incomplete-punctuated by hiatuses. Diachronos nature of the limits of the formations on basin scale is not fully appreciated by workers in India.

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Acknowledgements

The author is greatful to Dr. O. N. Bhargava for suggesting to prepare a paper on the Paleogene, critical review of the manuscript and useful suggestions. He is thankful to Dr. Satish C. Tripathi for accepting the paper for publication. Miss Y. L. Praneetha for assistance in preparing the figures and typing of the text. Thanks to My wife Mrs. D. Satyavati (Neelu) for help at home where the paper was prepared.

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  1. Sri Sannidhi Grand, Flat no. B1, Prabhu Gardens, JN Road, 2nd Floor, Rajahmundry, 533103, Andhra Pradesh, India

    D. S. N. Raju

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  1. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sunil Bajpai

  2. Geological Survey of India, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Satish C. Tripathi

  3. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vandana Prasad

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Raju, D.S.N. (2018). Paleogene Stratigraphy of India: An Overview. In: Bajpai, S., Tripathi, S., Prasad, V. (eds) The Indian Paleogene. Society of Earth Scientists Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77443-5_1

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