Abstract
The chapter explores Hungarian preschool children’s and their teachers’ language use and meaning-making patterns in a context where English is a foreign language. It also seeks to provide a critical analysis of the discrepancy between teachers’ beliefs and practices in the examined contexts. Data collected through ethnographic processes reveal a mismatch between young learners’ needs and teacher preparation. In most cases, teachers struggle to match the target language input to children’s language level, and rely on translation as a systematic strategy for clarifying meaning. Data also show how a teacher’s self-exploration and reflection shape her cognition and practice in the preschool EFL setting. The study has implications for teacher education programmes in the observed context: it calls for a re-examination of professional training in order to address preschool foreign language teachers’ professional needs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bátri, V. (2015). An Exploratory Study on Very Young Learners of English as a Foreign Language: Experiences as an English Teacher in an English-Hungarian Kindergarten and Nursery. Pécs: University of Pécs. Unpublished MA thesis.
Bruner, J. (1983). Child’s talk: Learning to use language. New York: Norton.
Bruner, J. (1987). Life as narrative. Social Research, 71(3), 691–711.
Cabaroglu, N., & Roberts, J. (2000). Development in student teachers’ pre-existing beliefs during a 1-year PGCE programme. System, 28, 387–402.
Chapelle, C. A., & Duff, P. A. (Eds.). (2003). Some guidelines for conducting quantitative and qualitative research in TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 163–178.
Cook, G. (2000). Language play, language learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Creese, A. (2008). Linguistic ethnography. In K. A. King & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education, 2nd ed., Vol 10: Research methods in language and education (pp. 229–241). New York: Springer.
Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. J. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching. The Modern Language Journal, 49(1), 103–115.
Csizér, K. (2012). An overview of L2 motivation research in Hungary. In M. Pawlak (Ed.), New perspectives on individual differences in language learning and teaching (pp. 233–246). Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
Curtain, H., & Dahlberg, C. (2010). Languages and children: Making the match: New languages for young learners, grades K-8 (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Donaldson, M. (1987). Children’s minds. London: Fontana Press. 1.
Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York: Random House.
Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing ethnographic field notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Enever, J. (2011). Early language learning in Europe (ELLiE). London: British Council.
Feigenbaum, P. (2009). Development of communicative competence through private and inner speech. In A. Winsler, C. Fernyhough, & I. Montero (Eds.), Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation (pp. 105–120). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Flores, M. A., & Day, C. (2006). Contexts which shape and reshape new teachers’ identities: A multi-perspective study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 219–232.
Jarvis, J., & Robinson, M. (1997). Analysing educational discourse: An exploratory study of teacher response and support to pupils’ learning. Applied Linguistics, 18, 212–228.111.
Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education. A sociocultural perspective. New York: Routledge.
Johnstone, R. (2009). Foreword. In J. Lo Bianco (Ed.), Second languages and Australian schooling. Camberwell: Australian Council for Educational Research.
Krashen, S. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. London: Longman.
Lugossy, R. (2003). Code-switching in the young learner classroom. In J. Andor, J. Horváth, & M. Nikolov (Eds.), Studies in English theoretical and applied linguistics (pp. 300–309). Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport.
Lugossy, R. (2006). Shaping teachers’ beliefs through narratives. In M. Nikolov & J. Horváth (Eds.), UPRT 2006: Empirical studies in English applied linguistics (pp. 313–336). Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport.
Lugossy, R. (2009). “I will think about this”: A case study with a lower-primary school teacher of English. In R. Lugossy, J. Horváth, & M. Nikolov (Eds.), UPRT 2008: Empirical studies in English applied linguistics (pp. 59–69). Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport.
Lugossy, R. (2012). Constructing meaning in interaction through picture books. CEPS Journal, 2(3), 97–117.
Mackay, A., & Gass, S. M. (2012). Research methods in second language acquisition. A practical guide. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mercer, N., & Howe, C. (2012). Explaining the dialogic process of teaching and learning: The value and potential of sociocultural theory. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 1, 12–21.
Nikolov, M. (1999). Natural-born speakers of English code-switching in pair- and group-work in Hungarian primary schools. In S. Rixon (Ed.), Young learners of English: Some research perspectives (pp. 72–88). London: Longman.
Nikolov, M. (2001). A study of unsuccessful language learners. In Z. Dörnyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 149–169). Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
Nikolov, M. (2002). Issues in English language education. Bern: Peter Lang.
Nikolov, M. (2015, March 21–24). Insights from case studies on very young EFL learners. American Association of Applied Linguists Annual Conference. Toronto, Canada.
Nikolov, M., & Mihaljević Djigunović, J. (2011). All shades of every colour: An overview of early teaching and learning foreign languages. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190511000183.
Pinter, A. (2006). Teaching young language learners. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pinter, A. (2011). Children learning second languages. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
Prošić-Santovac, D. (2016). Popular video cartoons and associated branded toys in teaching English to very young learners: A case study. Language Teaching Research, 1–21.
Rixon, S. (2013). British council survey of policy and practice in primary English language teaching worldwide. London: British Council.
Robinson, P., Mourão, S., & Kang, N. J. (2015). English learning areas in pre-primary classrooms: An investigation of their effectiveness. London: British Council.
Salzman, P. C. (2001). Understanding culture: An introduction to anthropological theory. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press.
Samu, B. (2014). Teaching English to very young learners: My observations in an English-Hungarian Kindergarten. Pécs: University of Pécs. Unpublished MA thesis.
Schön, D. (1991). The reflective practitioner. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd..
Schwartz, M., & Asli, A. (2014). Bilingual teachers’ language strategies: The case of an Arabic–Hebrew kindergarten in Israel. Teaching and Teacher Education, 38, 22–32.
Schwartz, M., Koh, P. W., Xi Chen, B., Sinke, M., & Geva, E. (2016). Through the lens of teachers in two bilingual programs: A look at early bilingual education. Language Culture and Curriculum, 01/2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2015.1103250.
Tabors, P. (1997). One child, two languages: A guide for preschool educators of children learning English as a second language. Baltimore: Brookes.
Vandergrift, L., & Goh, C. (2012). Teaching and learning second language listening: Metacognition in action. New York: Routledge.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. In R. W. Rieber & A. S. Carton (Eds.), The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky, Volume 1: Problems of general psychology (pp. 39–285). New York: Plenum Press.
Walsh, S. (2011). Exploring classroom discourse: Language in action. London: Routledge.
Walsh, S. (2012). Conceptualising classroom interactional competence. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 6(1), 1–14.
Williams, L. (1995). Literature-based activities in a foreign-language nursery school. In R. D. Sell (Ed.), Literature throughout foreign language education: The implications of pragmatics (pp. 21–35). London: Modern English Publications.
Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social-constructivist approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Winsler, A., Fernyhough, C., & Montero, I. (Eds.) (2009). Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation (Introduction, pp. xi–xvii). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wray, A. (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Marianne Nikolov for her comments on an earlier draft of this paper. My thanks also go to Virág Bátri and Barbara Samu for allowing me to rely on the primary data they collected, their final theses, and our shared discussions for the purposes of this analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lugossy, R. (2018). Whose Challenge Is It? Learners and Teachers of English in Hungarian Preschool Contexts. In: Schwartz, M. (eds) Preschool Bilingual Education. Multilingual Education, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77228-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77228-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77227-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77228-8
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)