Abstract
This paper discusses two issues related to the seismic performance of code-conforming structures from the probabilistic standpoint: (i) the risk structures are implicitly exposed to when designed via state-of-the-art codes; (ii) which earthquake scenarios are expected to erode the portion of safety margins determined by elastic seismic actions for these structures. Both issues are addressed using recent research results referring to Italy.
Regarding (i), during the last few years, the Italian earthquake engineering community is putting effort to assess the seismic risk of structures designed according to the code currently enforced in the country, which has extended similarities with Eurocode 8. For the scope of the project, five structural typologies were designed according to standard practice at five sites, spanning a wide range of seismic hazard levels. The seismic risk assessment follows the principles of performance-based earthquake engineering, integrating probabilistic hazard and vulnerability, to get the annual failure rates. Results, although not fully consolidated yet, show risk increasing with hazard and uneven seismic reliability across typologies.
With regard to (ii) it is discussed that, in the case of elastic design actions based on probabilistic hazard analysis (i.e., uniform hazard spectra), exceedance of spectral ordinates can be likely-to-very-likely to happen in the epicentral area of earthquakes, which occur relatively frequently over a country such as Italy. Although this can be intuitive, it means that design spectra, by definition, do not necessarily determine (elastic) design actions that are conservative for earthquakes occurring close to the construction site. In other words, for these scenarios protection is essentially warranted by the rarity with which it is expected they occur close to the structure and further safety margins implicit to earthquake-resistant design (i.e., those discussed in the first part).
This manuscript is largely based on the papers by Iervolino et al. (2017) and Iervolino and Giorgio (2017)
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Notes
- 1.
In EC8 the same actions are used for the limit states identified as significant damage and near collapse, respectively.
- 2.
Other quantities such as material design characteristics or design loads originate from probabilistic considerations, yet their reflection of the global safety margins of the structure is structure-specific and is not explicitly controlled.
- 3.
Project website’s URL: http://www.reluis.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=549&Itemid=198&lang=it
- 4.
Base-isolated structures (to follow) are designed for collapse-prevention.
- 5.
In fact, in the Italian code spectra are UHS’ approximated by via a simplified EC8-type functional form.
- 6.
- 7.
Note that the table factually represents the distribution of magnitude and distance one obtains from hazard disaggregation multiplied by 0.0021.
- 8.
Consistent with Figure 25.1, the design Sa(T = 1s) map refers to type A EC8 site class.
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Acknowledgments
The study was developed between 2015 and 2017 in the framework the Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica activities funded by Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (2014–2018 program). The help from Andrea Spillatura (IUSS, Pavia, Italy) and Pasquale Cito (University of Naples Federico II, Italy) is also gratefully acknowledged.
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Iervolino, I. (2018). What Seismic Risk Do We Design for When We Design Buildings?. In: Pitilakis, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe. ECEE 2018. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_25
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