Abstract
Definition of design earthquake characteristics, more specifically uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum, on the ground surface is the primary component for performance based design of structures and assessment of seismic vulnerabilities in urban environments. The adopted approach for this purpose requires a probabilistic local seismic hazard assessment, definition of representative site profiles down to the engineering bedrock, and 1D or 2D equivalent or nonlinear, total or effective stress site response analyses depending on the complexity and importance of the structures to be built. Thus, a site-specific response analysis starts with the probabilistic estimation of regional seismicity and earthquake source characteristics, soil stratification, engineering properties of encountered soil layers in the soil profile. The local seismic hazard analysis would yield probabilistic uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum on the bedrock outcrop. Thus, site specific response analyses also need to produce a probabilistic uniform hazard acceleration response spectrum on the ground surface. A general review will be presented based on the previous studies conducted by the author and his co-workers in comparison to major observations and methodologies to demonstrate the implications of site-specific response analysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrahamson NA (1992) Non-stationary spectral matching. Seismol Res Lett 63(1):30
Abrahamson NA (1993) Non-stationary spectral matching program RSPMATCH, User manual
Abrahamson NA, Silva WJ, Kamai R (2014) Summary of the ASK14 ground motion relation for active crustal regions. Earthq Spectra 30:1025–1055
Ansal A, Durukal E, Tönük G (2006) Selection and scaling of real acceleration time histories for site response analyses. In: Proceedings of ETC12 workshop, Athens, Greece, pp 93–98
Ansal A, Tönük G (2007) Chapter 4: source and site effects for microzonation. In: Pitilakis K (ed) Earthquake geotechnical engineering. Springer, Berlin, pp 73–92
Ansal A, Kurtuluş A, Tönük G (2009) Earthquake damage scenario software for urban areas computational. Struct Dyn Earthq Eng 2:377–391. Book series: Structures and Infrastructures Series, Editor(s): Papadrakakis, M; Charmpis, DC; Lagaros, ND; Tsompanakis, Y
Ansal A, Tönük G (2009) Site specific earthquake characteristics for performance based design. In: Keynote Lecture, Proceedings of international conference on earthquake engineering, seismology and engineering seismology volume, pp 59–63, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosna Herzegnovia
Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A (2011) Site specific earthquake characteristics for performance based design. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on geotechnical earthquake engineering, Santiago, Chile
Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A, Çetiner B (2012) Effect of spectra scaling on site specific design earthquake characteristics based on 1D site response analysis. In: Proceedings of 15WCEE, Lisbon, Portugal
Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A (2014) Site response from Istanbul vertical arrays and strong motion network. In: Proceedings of 10NCEE, nees.org/resources/12584
Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A (2015a) A probabilistic procedure for site specific design earthquake. In: Theme lecture, 6th international conference on earthquake geotechnical engineering, Christchurch, New Zealand
Ansal A, Tönük, Kurtuluş A (2015b) A methodology for site specific design earthquake. In: SECED 2015 conference: earthquake risk and engineering towards a Resilient World. Cambridge UK, July 2015
Ansal A, Fercan Ö, Kurtuluş A, Tönük G (2017a) 2D site response analysis of the Istanbul rapid response network. Theme Lecture, PBD III, Vancouver
Ansal A, Tönük G, Kurtuluş A (2017b) A simplified approach for site specific design spectrum. In: Keynote lecture, international conference on earthquake engineering and structural dynamics, in Honor of Prof. Ragnar Sigbjörnsson, GEE
ASCE Standard (2016) Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, ASCE/SEI 7-05
Assimaki D, Kausel E (2002) An equivalent linear algorithm with frequency- and pressure-dependent moduli and damping for the seismic analysis of deep sites. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 22:959–965
Baturay M, Stewart P (2003) Uncertainty and bias in ground motion estimates from ground response analyses. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(5):2025–2042
Bazzurro P, Cornell AC (2004a) Nonlinear soil-site effects in probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(6):2110–2123
Bazzurro P, Cornell CA (2004b) Ground-motion amplification in nonlinear soil sites with uncertain properties. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(6):2090–2109
Bommer JJ, Acevedo AB (2004) The use real earthquake accelerograms as input to dynamic analysis. J Earthq Eng 8(1):43–91
Bommer JJ, Scott SG, Sarma SK (2000) Hazard-consistent earthquake scenarios. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 19:219–231
Boore DM, Stewart JP, Seyhan E, Atkinson GA (2014) NGA-West2 equations for predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% damped PSA for shallow crustal earthquakes. Earthq Spectra 30:1057–1085
Borcherdt RD (1994) Estimates of site dependent response spectra for design (Methodology and justification). Earthq Spectra 10(4):617–654
Bradley BA (2010) A generalized conditional intensity measure approach and holistic ground-motion selection. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 39:1321
Bradley BA (2012) A ground motion selection algorithm based on the generalized conditional intensity measure approach. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 40:48–61
Campbell KW, Bozorgnia Y (2014) NGA-West2 ground motion model for the average horizontal components of PGA, PGV, and 5% damped linear acceleration response spectra. Earthq Spectra 30:1087–1115
Cramer CH (2003) Site specific seismic hazard analysis that is completely probabilistic. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(4):1841–1846
Cramer CH (2006) Quantifying the uncertainty in site amplification modeling and its effects on site-specific seismic hazard estimation in the upper Mississippi embankment and adjacent areas. Bull Seismol Soc Am 96(6):2008–2020
Durukal E, Ansal A, Tonuk G (2006) Effect of ground motion scaling and uncertainties in site characterisation on site response analyses. In: Proceedings of eighth US national conference on earthquake engineering, San Francisco, California
Erdik M (2017) Earthquake risk assessment, 5th Prof. Ambraseys lecture. Bull Earthq Eng (15):12 5055–5092
Haase JS, Choi YS, Bowling T, Nowack RL (2011) Probabilistic seismic-hazard assessment including site effects. Bull Seismol Soc Am 101(3):1039–1054
Hartzell S, Cranswick E, Frankel A, Carver D, Meremonte M (1997) Variability of site response in the Los Angeles urban area for Evansville, Indiana, and the surrounding region. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:1377–1400
Idriss IM, Sun JI (1992) Shake91, A computer program for conducting equivalent linear seismic response analysis of horizontally layered soil eposits. University of California, Berkeley
Iyisan R (1996) Correlations between shear wave velocity and In-situ penetration test results. Tech J Turkish Chamb Civil Eng 7(2):1187–1199. (in Turkish)
Kaklamanos J, Bradley BA, Thompson EM, Baise LG (2013) Critical parameters affecting bias and variability in site-response analyses using Kik-net downhole Array data. Bull Seismol Soc Am 103(3):1733–1749
Kaklamanos J, Baise LG, Thompson EM, Dorfmann L (2015) Comparison of 1D linear, equivalent-linear, and nonlinear site response models at six KiK-net validation sites. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 69:207–219
Kottke AR, Rathje EM (2011) A semi-automated procedure for selecting and scaling recorded earthquake motions for dynamic analysis. Earthq Spectra 24(4):911–932
Kottke AR, Rathje EM (2013) Comparison of time series and random-vibration theory site-response methods. Bull Seismol Soc Am 103(3):2111–2127
Li W, Assimaki D (2010) Site- and motion-dependent parametric uncertainty of site-response analyses in earthquake simulations. Bull Seismol Soc Am 100:954–968
Malhotra PK (2003) Strong-motion records for site-specific analysis. Earthq Spectra 19(3):557–578
NEHRP (2015) Recommended seismic provisions for new buildings and other structures (FEMA P-1050-1)
PEER 2014 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Strong motion Database. http://peer.berkeley.edu/2014
Rathje EM, Ozbey MC (2006) Site-specific validation of random vibration theory-based seismic site response analysis. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(7):911–922
Rathje EM, Kottke AR, Trent WL (2010) Influence of input motion and site property variabilities on seismic site response analysis. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 136:607–619
Stewart JP, Afshari, K, and Hashash, YMA (2014) Guidelines for performing hazard-consistent one-dimensional ground response analysis for ground motion prediction. PEER Report 2014/16, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Headquarters, University of California at Berkeley
Thompson EM, Baise LG, Kayen RE, Guzina BB (2009) Impediments to predicting site response: seismic property estimation and modeling simplifications. Bull Seismol Soc Am 99(5):2927–2949
Tönük G, Ansal A (2010) Selection and scaling of ground motion records for site response analysis. In: 14th European conference of earthquake engineering, Ohrid, paper no. 1386
Tönük G, Ansal A, Kurtuluş A, Çetiner B (2014) Site specific response analysis for performance based design earthquake characteristics. Bull Earthq Eng 12(3):1091–1105
Acknowledgement
Faculty Members and Staff of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute of Bogazici University for all their support and contributions during different phases of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ansal, A., Tönük, G., Kurtuluş, A. (2018). Implications of Site Specific Response Analysis. In: Pitilakis, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe. ECEE 2018. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 46. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75741-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-75740-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-75741-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)