Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a weak scattering technique in which typically less than one in a million excitation photons give rise to a single Raman photon. The situation is even more difficult in confocal Raman microscopy, as the detection volume is reduced by the small pinhole and thousands of spectra must be collected in a short period of time. Therefore, careful design of the excitation and detection optics, as well as the appropriate choice of spectrometer and detector is important for successful experiments. As detectors and instrumentation in this field continue to quickly evolve, a snap-shot of state of the art Raman equipment and instrumentation will be provided.
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Notes
- 1.
Numerical aperture = sine of half of the acceptance angle of the objective.
- 2.
The \(\acute{\text {E}}\)tendue is a conserved quantity in optical systems. It basically characterizes how “spread out” the light is in area and angle.
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Hollricher, O. (2018). Raman Instrumentation for Confocal Raman Microscopy. In: Toporski, J., Dieing, T., Hollricher, O. (eds) Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 66. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75380-5_4
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