Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsp) response is understudied with non-exercise overuse injuries. We focused on the Hsp response in muscles and tendons undergoing such injury or cyclical loading. Hsp25 mRNA and protein levels increase in muscles undergoing functional overload, and show greater increases in fast type muscles. In an operant rat model of reaching and grasping, the inducible form of Hsp70 increased in muscles and tendons showing injury, with the greatest increase in rats performing a high repetition high force for 12 weeks, compared to easier repetition/loading paradigms. These increases were paralleled by increases in several repair-associated proteins (osteoactivin, MMPs, and TGFB1). Trapezius biopsies from patients with myalgia show increased mRNA levels of Hsp72 and decreased levels of growth and metabolism regulators. Prolonged exercise interventions in general, when provided to subjects with trapezius myalgia, decreased Hsp72 mRNA levels, while specific strength training of shoulder and neck muscles increased mRNA levels of analytes related to carbohydrate oxidation. In a rat model of supraspinatus injury, the Hsp response appeared related to the cascade of stress-related programmed cell death in torn tendons. A mild mechanical stimulation of cultured tendon fibroblasts reduced apoptosis and increased cell proliferation and may be helpful for tissue regeneration.
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Acknowledgements
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number AR056019 to MFB. This study utilized services offered by core facilities of the Center for Substance Abuse Research (Grant Number DA013429). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
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Barbe, M.F., Salvadeo, D.M., Hilliard, B.A. (2018). Heat Shock Protein Response to Overuse Injuries. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Responses. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74715-6_11
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