Abstract
When people have to reach agreement on a given problem, they can rely on various practices and resources. The present study focuses on collaborative processes of group decision-making and investigates the use of argumentative and alternative strategies. This allows to reconstruct the development across different age groups. The analyses are based on video-recorded group discussions among primary school children (grade 2, 4, 6). The results show how the pupils increasingly manage to combine various strategies and cooperatively elaborate the breadth and depth of their argumentation. We also find that younger pupils mainly use argumentation to handle disagreement, while older pupils also start engaging in argumentative elaborations in contexts in which everyone agrees.
We would like to thank the editors and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.
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Notes
- 1.
It seems that in German-speaking countries, there has been a growing interest in using conversation analytical methodology to study argumentation in (school) contexts, which is why we refer to many studies published in German.
- 2.
The data has been collected in the context of the research project “Argumentative Discourse Skills in School: Contexts, Demands, Acquisition”, funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation; project managers are Prof. Dr. Martin Luginbühl, University of Basel and Prof. Dr. Brigit Eriksson, University of Teacher Education Zug; the project was formerly—and at the time of data collection—associated with the University of Neuchâtel.
- 3.
In our project, we also follow a mixed methods approach and are currently working on quantitative analyses, which—in combination with qualitative findings—will allow us to gain new insights into argumentative skills.
- 4.
- 5.
Sometimes the lack of response can also be treated as acceptance of an argument because there does not seem to be a need for (further) opposition (e.g. Grundler 2011, 47). Since such cases are ambiguous, our analyses are based on contexts in which observable accounts are available.
- 6.
As discussed above (cf. Sect. 12.2), conversation analytic approaches rely on accounts, i.e. on practices that are actually displayed in interaction. Therefore, we focus on displayed practices of (dis-)agreement. Since it is impossible to say anything about the participants’ intentions or beliefs, it often remains unclear, however, if somebody has been persuaded or not.
- 7.
The children’s names are pseudonyms.
- 8.
Shortly after line 13, Julia again explicitly summarizes their agreement (as already collaboratively done in the presented extract, lines 01-05) and thus introduces the closing of the sequence.
- 9.
The analysis of the given contexts in the video (multimodal expression, context before/after the extract, etc.) allows us to interpret Aysegül’s short turn in line 03 (“you (again)”) as oriented to Tefta’s suggestion to choose the mosquito net (and not, for example, to the action of taking a turn). At least, this seems to be the participant’s understanding: Tefta’s next turn in line 04 (again considering the embodied context) responds to a challenge or objection.
- 10.
It is, however, not clear in that context how to interpret Aysegül’s (fragmentary) turn in line 20. A possible interpretation is that the children should cover and protect themselves with leaves.
- 11.
In contrast to these results, another Swiss study by Fasel Lauzon et al. (2009) has compared discussions among eighth- and twelfth-graders and has found that only the latter were engaging in collaborative argumentation and reflection. Since we have analyzed different data sets, the practices seem to depend on the task environment.
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Mundwiler, V., Kreuz, J. (2018). Collaborative Decision-Making in Argumentative Group Discussions Among Primary School Children. In: Oswald, S., Herman, T., Jacquin, J. (eds) Argumentation and Language — Linguistic, Cognitive and Discursive Explorations. Argumentation Library, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73972-4_12
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